翻译考试历年中级口译真题(13)_第6页

Questions 26~30
      Witnesses may pick out from an identification parade the person who most resembles their idea of what the criminal would look like, a conference organized by the British Psychological Society was told on  Saturday. Mr. Ray  Bull, a senior lecturer at  the  North  East  London Polytechnic, said research had shown that the public tended to link abnormal appearance with abnormalities of behaviour.“The public and police do agree about what face fits what crime,” he said.“One apparently widely held Belief is the 'what is beautiful is good'stereotype. An in dividual's facial attractiveness has an effect on how threatening other people judge that person to be. I have  found that the addition of one or two small scars to a  face leads to that  face being judged more dishonest.”

      Those beliefs also influence length of sentence and verdict, he said. Research in mock-trial settings had shown that the more unattractive defendant was more heavily sentenced than one of attractive character and appearance.Mr  Bull,an expert on  identification by witn esses,was addressing psychologists and lawyers at a conference in London held by Sir Brian MacKenna, a retired high court judge, on the role of psychology in the legal system.

      For decades it has been known that people often do not see or hear things presented to their senses, but do“see”and“hear”things that have not occurred. But none of those factors meant that  identification evidence was of little value. Laboratory research based on photographs had shown recognition rates were high, about  80 per cent, even after delays of 35 days. But rates were lower when identification was tested in mock criminal episodes in the streets because of stress  and the inability of the witness to concentrate simultaneously  on  self-preservation  and remembering  details of the culprit. Law  enforcement  authorities  should be more aware of the factors that influence memory and identification, Mr. Bull said. Apart from people s prejudices about the“look”of a criminal, the factors included the way questions were asked.

26.   According to Mr. Ray Bull s research, which of the following defendants would be more heavily sentenced?
      A. The defendant with normal behaviour.
      B. The defendant with attractive character.
      C. The defendant with unattractive appearance.
      D. The defendant with psychological problems.
27.   According to the passage, people often                  .
      A. have sensory problems                            B. foretell what have not yet happened
      C. distort what they have seen or heard        D. neglect what they see or hear
28.   The word “episodes”in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to                  .
      A. witnesses                                        B. incidents
      C. details                                             D. photographs
29.   According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
      A. Mr. Ray Bull pointed out that the criminal with abnormal appearance would be sentenced more heavily than the one with attractive appearance.
      B. Mr. Ray Bull delivered a speech at a conference to psychologists and lawyers on the role of psychology in the legal system.
      C. Mr. Ray Bull has found out that the addition of one or two small scars to a face leads to the face being judged more dishonest.
      D. Mr. Ray Bull argued that law enforcement authorities should be less aware of the factors that influence memory and identification.
30.   What is the main idea expressed in the passage? 
    A. Witnesses memory and identification are unreliable. 
    B. British Psychological Society has studied the role of psychology in legal system. 
    C. Both the appearance and the character of a person would influence peoples judgment on him. 
    D. What is beautiful is good.

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 

      Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations.One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications  system. An organization  that  has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive.When leadership attempts to keep workers in the  dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This ndermines their cooperation.

    It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few  organizations are able to function  in this manner. In the long run, poor communication  will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting  information are symptoms of short-range thinking.  We must avoid  these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.

SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

     民族历来爱好自由与和平。中国人始终希望天下太平，希望同各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫、歧视和欺的自由。