2014下半年教师资格证考试真题《高中英语学科知识》答案_第4页

　　Passage 2

　　The medical community owes economists a great deal. Amartya Sen won a Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences in 1998. He has spent his entire career promulgating ideas of justice and freedom, with health rarely out of his gaze. Joseph Stiglitz won a Noble in 2001. In 1998, when he was chief economist at the (then) notoriously regressive World Bank, he famously challenged the Washington Consensus. And Jeff Sachs, a controversial figure to some critics, can fairly lay claim to the enormous achievement of putting health at the center of the Millennium Development Goals. His “Commission on Macroeconomics and Health” was a landmark report, providing explicit evidence to explain why attacking disease was sbsolutely necessary if poverty was to be eradicated. And I must offer my own personal gratitude to a very special group of economists- Larry Summers, Dean Jamison, Kenneth Arrow, David Evans, and Special Gupta. They were the economic team that drove the work of Global Health 2035.

　　But although we might be kind to economists, perhaps we should be tougher on the discipline of economics textbook, and you will see the priority given to markets and efficiency, price and utility, profit and competition. These words have chilling effects on our quest for better health. They seem to marginalize those qualities of our lives that we value most of all – not our self-interest, but out humanity; not the costs and benefits of monetary exchange, but vision and ideals that guide our decisions. It was these issues that were addressed at last week's Global Health Lab, held at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

　　Anne Mills, Vice-Director of the school, fervently argued the case in favor of economists. It was they who contributed to understanding the idea of “best-buys” in global health. It was economists who challenged user fees. And it was economists who made the connection between health and economic growth, providing one of the most compelling political arguments for taking health seriously. Some economists might adore markets, but not health economists, she said. “Health care is different.” For her kind of economist, a health system is a “social institution that embodies that embodies the values of society”.

　　Although competition has a part to play in health, it should be used judiciously as a mechanism to improve the quality of care. Chris Whitty, Chief Scientific Adviser at the UK's Department for International Developments, expressed his contempt for those who profess indifference to economics. Economic is about the efficient allocation of scarce resources. Anyone who backed the inefficient allocation of resources is “immoral”. He did criticize economists for their arrogance, though. Economists seemed to believe their ideas should be accepted simply because of the authority they held as economists. Economics, he said, is only one science among many that policy markers have to take into account. But Clare Chandler. A medical anthropologist, took a different view. She asked, what has neoliberal economics ever done for global health? Her answer, in one word, was “inequality”, Neoliberal economics frames the way we think and act. Her argument suggested that any economic philosophy that put a premium on free trade, privatization, minimal government, and reduced public spending on social and health sectors is a philosophy bereft of human virtue. The discussion that followed, led by Martin Mckee, posed difficult questions. Why do economists treat their theories like religions? Why are economists so silent on their own failures? Can economics ever be apolitical? There were few satisfactory answers to these questions.

　　26. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward economists?

　　A. Contempt B. Reservation C. Detachment D. Endorsement

　　26.【答案】C。解析：态度题。作者对经济学家的态度是比较客观的。

　　27. Who holds a critical view on economists role in medical field according to the passage?

　　A. Amartya Sen. B. Jeff Sachs C. Larry Summers D. Clare Chandler

　　27.【答案】B。解析：细节题。答案在第一段第5行。

　　28. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “discipline” in PARAGRPH 2?

　　A. Subject B. Lesson C. Punishment D. Regulation

　　28.【答案】A。解析：推断题。Discipline 在此处指的是一门学科。故而选择subject.

　　29. Which of the following is NOT used in the author's presentation of his ideas?

　　A. Thesis statement B. Rhetorical questions

　　C. Specific examples D. Direct quotation

　　29.【答案】A。解析：细节题。A项并不是作者阐述自己观点的方式。

　　30. What does the author intend to tell the reader?

　　A. There is still a long way to go for economists to genuinely contribute to global health.

　　B. Economists' role in global health is, to a large extent, negative.

　　C. Economists increased the inequality of resource allocations in global health.

　　D. Economics is only one science among many that policy makers have to take into account in providing health care programs.

　　30.【答案】A。解析：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的“ There were few satisfactory answers to these questions.” 可知A正确。