解析：
1
这个句子是一个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。其后who must accept the obligation 是一个定语从句。obligation后面的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，用改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。
拆分翻译
His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /
who must accept the obligation / /
of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /
which led him to his decision.
他的职责与法官相似
必须承担这样的责任
以一种尽可能清楚明白的方式来展示推理的过程
导致他做出决定
2
整个句子是四个并列的简单句，第一个简单句是Children will play with dolls，其后的equipped with personality chips是修饰dolls的定语;第二个句子是computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools;第三个句子是relaxationa will be in form of smell-television;第四个句子是and digital age will have arrived。
拆分翻译
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / /
computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / /
relaxationa will be in form of smell-television, / /
and digital age will have arrived.
儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍
带有内置个性芯片的计算机将被是为同时而不是玩具
人们 将在气味电视机前娱乐
届时数字化时代就来临了
3
整个句子是一个复合句，主句是Pearson has pieced together the work，of hundreds of researches是修饰work的定语成分，around the world to 所带的不定式短语作结果状语。that引导一个定语从句，修饰calendar;when引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语，这个定语从句修饰时间名词dates。
Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researches around the world / /
to produce a unique millennium technology calendar / /
that gives the latest dates / /
when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的工作成果
编制了一个独特的技术千年历
它给出了最晚的日期
届时，我们就能看到数百项重大突破和发现
4
整个句子由两个并列句构成，第一个句子主干是They are the possessions，后面是定语成分。第二个句子主干部分是they are essential to practices，后面是一个in which引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，主语是a person，后面是两个并列谓语。第一个并列谓语 is held，第二个并列谓语是 is given，承前省略了is。
拆分翻译
They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,/ /
and they are essential to practices / /
in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and / /
given credit for his achievements.
它们为传统理论的自主人所有
它们是实践活动所必不可少的
在这些实践活动中，要求一个人对自己的行为负责
并因其成就而获得赞扬
5
整个句子的主句是humans have the ability。to modify the environment in which they live作定语，修饰前面的名词ability。in which 引导一个定语从句，修饰environment。分词短语subjecting...to...作状语。
拆分翻译
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment / /
in which they live,/ /
thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies
而且，人类有能力改造环境
我们生存的环境
而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象
