Passage Two
26.According to the passage, how manyuniversities in the United States took part in the study?
A. Four.
B. Three.
C. Five.
D. Six.
27.Why does a lack of sleep cause peopleto gain weight?
A. Becausepeople bum fewer calories when they are awake.
B. Becausepeople feel hungry when they lack sleep.
C. Becausetheir hormones stay unchanged.
D. Becausepeople don’t exercise when they don’t have enough sleep.
28.According to the passage, what is NOT true about the first study?
A. More than1,000 people took part in the study.
B. People whoslept less had higher blood levels of ghrelin.
C. People whoslept more had higher blood levels of leptin.
D. The amountof exercise can influence the result of the study.
29.What is the best amount of sleep forweight control?
A. 8 hours anight.
B. 7.7 hours anight.
C. 7 hours anight.
D. 9 hours anight.
30.Two groups of people are compared inthe third study. They are people_____.
A. with lessthan 5 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleep
B. who slept 4hours a night and who slept 4 hours for 2 nights
C. with lessthan 4 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleep
D. with lessthan 5 hours of sleep a night and with 8 hours of sleep
【参考答案及解析】
26.A 归纳总结题。录音中提到的大学有：Stanford University,University of Wisconsin, University of Chicago,Columbia University。所以美国有四所大学参与了该项研究。
27.B 原因结果题。录音中提到“Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.”，意思是：研究人员说缺乏睡眠会导致激素变化，这种变化会增加饥饿感。由此可以推断出缺乏睡眠会导致人们体重增加的原因是“因为人们缺乏睡眠时会感到饥饿”，所以选 C。A 项意为“因为在清醒的时候燃烧较少的卡路里”;C 项意为“因为他们的激素保持不变”;D 项意为“因为人们睡眠不充足时不进行运动”。
28.D 是非判断题。录音中提到“researchers…examined information on more than one thousand people.”，意思是：研究人员调查了 l，000 多人的信息。因此选项 A“1，000 多人参与了该研究”是正确的。关于第一次研究，录音中还提到“Some peopleslept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher bloodlevels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.”，意思是：一些人一个晚上睡觉不超过五个小时。他们的一种叫做胃饥饿素的激素的血压会比睡眠为八小时的人高出 15%。所以选项 B“睡眠较少的人的胃饥饿素的血压高”是正确的。录音中提到“they had fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin.”，意思是：他们(指睡眠较少的人)的激素——瘦素要低 15%。由此可以推断“睡眠较多的人瘦素的血压高”，所以选项 C 正确。录音中提到“The results were notaffected by how much people exercised.”，意思是：人们的运动量并不影响结果。所以选项 D“运动量能够影响研究的结果”是错误的。
29.B 数字信息题。录音中提到“Researchers found that the best amount of sleep for weight controlis seven-point-seven hours a night.”，意思是：研究人员发现控制体重需要的最佳睡眠量为一个晚上 7.7 个小时。因此答案为B。
30.C 细节信息题。根据原文可知，来自哥伦比亚大学的研究人员做了第三项研究。“They found that people who got less than four hours of sleep anight…This was compared to people with seven to nine hours of sleep.”，意思是：他们发现一个晚上睡眠不超过 4 小时的人……。这是和睡眠为 7 到 9小时的人进行了比较。由此可知这两组人分别是睡眠少于 4 小时的人和睡眠为7 到 9 小时的人，因此答案为 C。
【录音原文】
There are newfindings that people with inadequate sleep are likely to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increasefeelings of hunger. In one study, researchers from Stanford University inCalifornia and the University of Wisconsin examined information on more thanone thousand people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleepdisorders. Some peopleslept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher bloodlevels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And theyhad fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps makepeople feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.
The results werenot affected by how much people exercised. People whoare awake longer havemore time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increasehunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight.Researchersfound that the best amount of sleep for weight control is seven-point-seven hoursa night.Researchers atthe University of Chicago did a smaller study. They found that people who sleptjust four hours a night for two nights had an eighteen percent reduction inleptin. And they had a twenty-eight percent increase in ghrelin. The young menin that study also appeared to want more sweet and starchy foods.Researchers fromColumbia University in New York did a third study. Theyfound that people whogot less than four hours of sleep a night were seventy-three percent morelikely to be overweight. This was compared to people with seven to nine hoursof sleep. The researchers say that for survival, the body may be designed tostore more fat during times with less sleep.
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