1. 同义表达：reach herd immunity表示“实现群体免疫”，也可以说create herd immunity，for herd immunity to kick in。
A. 比如每日邮报上说：
Matt Hancock has alongside Downing Street has hit back against critics of its virus strategy who claim that No 10's aim is to create 'herd immunity' - insisting that its priority is to protect people.
这句话是英国卫生大臣马特·汉考克(Matt Hancock)为政府“群体免疫”战略所作的辩护，他坚持这一战略是保护民众的优先之选。
B. 还比如fortune上所说：
For herd immunity to kick in, the U.K. government said that about 60% of the population would need to contract the virus.
这句和卫报上“To reach herd immunity, about 60% of the population would need to get ill and become immune”实际上表达同一含义。
kick in表示“开始生效;起作用”，相当于“work”之意。
2. 同义表达：about 60% of the population would need to get ill意思是“需要约60%的人口感染病毒”，
3. Sir：表示“爵士”。这是个贵族头衔，用于爵士或准男爵的名字或姓名前面。不要理解为“先生”。
04
对“群体免疫”战略的评价
卫报原文：
But allowing the population to build up immunity in this way could increase the risk to the most vulnerable: older people with underlying health problems.
参考译文：
英国的“群体免疫”策略可能会增加最脆弱人群(即有潜在健康问题的老年人)的感染风险。
1. 句子结构分析：这句话很长，我们首先要找到句子主干。句子主干是But allowing the population to build up immunity in this way could increase the risk to the most vulnerable;破折号中间的部分是次要成分，表示转折;最后冒号的作用是引出解释说明，即“older people with underlying health problems”是对the most vulnerable的解释。
2. 固定表达：the most vulnerable是固定表达，表示“最脆弱人群”。the+adj表示一类人。
比如世卫组织官网上的这句：
We are still not doing enough to improve life for the most vulnerable and the poorest of the poor.
在改进最脆弱群体和穷人中的最贫困者的生活方面，我们的所作所为仍然不够。
“最脆弱人群”也可以说the most vulnerable groups。如：
Conducting health assessments and monitoring threats to health with a special focus on the most vulnerable groups and areas.
进行卫生评估和卫生风险监测，重点是最脆弱人群和地区。
3. increase the risk to the most vulnerable：对某人的风险介词使用to，所以这里the risk to. 还比如：the exact risk to younger people in good health is not known.
4. 固定表达：underlying health problems当作固定表达来记，意思是“潜在健康问题”。它的同义词是potential health problems。
“现存/基础健康问题”可以说pre-existing health conditions，如经济学人中这句：
Elderly people with pre-existing health conditions are at greater risk of the virus.
“群体免疫”的概念被广泛用于传染病防控中，运用“群体免疫”成功克制流行病也有诸多成功案例。但牛津大学强调，只有在大多数人都接种过疫苗的情况下，“群体免疫”才有效。
来看一下相关评价：
And Professor Francois Balloux, of University College London, has warned Sir Patrick Vallance, the Government's chief scientific adviser, the approach the UK is currently adopting is a big gamble which has the potential to backfire disastrously.
参考译文：
伦敦大学学院教授弗朗索瓦·巴卢(Francois Balloux)告诫帕特里克，英国目前采取的“群体免疫”方案无疑是一场豪赌，极有可能适得其反，造成灾难性后果。
1. “一场豪赌”除了说a big gamble，a huge gamble，还可以说a big bet。
2. 同义表达：has the potential to do sth是固定搭配，意思是“有可能”，potential在这里和前面的chances表示同一含义，所以“有可能”也可以说chances are that …如经济学人例句：
Chances are that, eventually, something similar will happen this time around as well.
这次很有可能最终会发生类似的事件。
3. 固定表达：backfire disastrously当作一个固定表达来记，表示“适得其反/事与愿违，造成灾难性后果”，其中backfire的含义是“产生事与愿违的不良或危险后果”。
如《华尔街日报》例句：
But on Tuesday, many in his party balked, fearing that the move couldbackfire disastrously.
但周二，他领导的政党的许多成员反对这一做法，担心此举可能适得其反，带来灾难性后果。
世卫组织发言人说到：
So little is known about coronavirus, and while "theories" can be talked about, the current situation requires "action".
所以，英国目前需要的是行动，而不是谈“群体免疫”这个理论。
口译： 翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题
笔译： 翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题
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