Alcohol
酒精
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures for centuries. The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies.
酒精是多个世纪以来在多种文化中得到广泛使用的具有产生依赖特性的精神活性物质。有害使用酒精可在社会中造成沉重的疾病、社会和经济负担。
The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers. Moreover, the harmful use of alcohol results in a significant health, social and economic burden on society at large.
有害使用酒精还对其它人造成伤害，比如家庭成员、朋友、同事和陌生人。此外，有害使用酒精对整个社会带来巨大健康、社会和经济负担。
Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Drinking alcohol is associated with a risk of developing health problems such as mental and behavioural disorders, including alcohol dependence, major noncommunicable diseases such as liver cirrhosis, some cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as injuries resulting from violence and road clashes and collisions.
酒精消费是造成200多种疾病和损伤病症的一个因素。饮酒还与精神和行为障碍等健康问题的发生危险相关，包括酒精依赖、肝硬化等主要非传染性疾病、一些癌症和心血管病以及由暴力和交通事故及碰撞引起的损伤。
A significant proportion of the disease burden attributable to alcohol consumption arises from unintentional and intentional injuries, including those due to road traffic crashes, violence, and suicides, and fatal alcohol-related injuries tend to occur in relatively younger age groups.
由酒精消费引起的疾病负担在很大程度上缘于无意及有意损伤，包括因交通事故、暴力和自杀造成的损伤。与酒精相关的致命损伤往往发生在相对较为年轻的年龄组。
The latest causal relationships are those between harmful drinking and incidence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis as well as the incidence and course of HIV/AIDS. Alcohol consumption by an expectant mother may cause fetal alcohol syndrome and pre-term birth complications.
最新确立了有害饮酒与结核病等传染病发病率以及与艾滋病毒/艾滋病发病率和病程之间的因果关系。孕妇使用酒精可能会造成胎儿酒精综合征以及早产并发症。
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