名词
常见不规则复数形式
|
child |
children |
|
foot |
feet |
|
tooth |
teeth |
|
goose |
geese |
|
man |
men |
|
woman |
women |
|
mouse |
mice |
|
louse |
lice |
|
ox |
oxen |
|
penny |
pence |
|
analysis |
analyses |
|
appendix |
appendices |
|
parenthesis |
parentheses |
|
basis |
bases |
|
ellipsis |
ellipses |
|
axis |
axes |
|
hypothesis |
hypotheses |
|
oasis |
oases |
|
crisis |
crises |
|
criterion |
criteria |
|
phenomenon |
phenomena |
|
datum |
data |
|
medium |
media |
|
bacterium |
bacteria |
|
nucleus |
nuclei |
|
fungus |
fungi |
|
stimulus |
stimuli |
|
alumnus |
alumni |
|
focus |
foci |
|
radius |
radii |
|
terminus |
termini |
|
larva |
larvae |
|
alga |
algae |
|
formula |
formulae |
结尾读音为[f]并且以-f或-fe结尾的名词变化
1. 规则变化：beliefs, chiefs, cliffs, dwarves, hoofs, scarves
2. 不规则变化：把f或fe变成v，加es，读音为[vz]
3. 杂交变化： wharfs, wharves均可
以-o结尾
1.+s : kilos, photos, Filipinos, Eskimos, radios, solos 死物
2.+es : heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes 活物
3.+es/s : cargos / cargoes 半死不活
单复数同形：
|
deer |
|
grouse |
|
salmon |
|
trout |
|
carp |
|
bison |
|
sheep |
|
Chinese |
|
Japanese |
|
Portuguese |
|
Swiss |
|
Vietnamese |
|
barracks |
|
corps |
|
crossroads |
|
gallows |
|
headquarters |
|
means |
|
series |
|
species |
|
works |
|
horsepower |
|
hertz |
|
kilohertz |
|
li |
|
mu |
|
aircraft |
|
spacecraft |
|
craft |
|
offspring |
词的性别
词缀
|
actor |
actress |
|
prince |
princess |
|
hero |
heroine |
|
host |
hostess |
|
waiter |
waitress |
|
widower |
widow |
没联系
|
father |
mother |
|
uncle |
aunt |
|
son |
daughter |
|
king |
queen |
变态词
|
dog |
雌雄均可，多指公狗 |
|
bitch |
母狗 |
|
horse |
雌雄均可 |
|
stallion |
公马 |
|
mare |
母马 |
|
duck |
雌雄均可，多指母鸭 |
|
drake |
公鸭 |
|
加表示性别的词 |
|
|
male nurce |
man doctor |
|
maid servant |
woman voter |
|
gentleman friend(男性朋友) |
lady clerk |
|
male swan |
female flower |
要点：
1. 单数名词不可单独存在-必须有冠词
2. Every, each, another, many a只能修饰单数可数名词
3. 序数后一般使用单数可数名词
4. Other一般修饰复数名词，也可以修饰不可数
5. 只能修饰复数名词：these, those, many, various, several, numerous, few, a few, both, diverse, a (good / large / great) number of, numbers of, one of
6. One / two / many + of + 限定词 + 复数名词
必须使用复数形式的词：clothes, riches, fireworks, remains, wages, ashes, thanks, sweets
复合词：num, + n. + (adj.)，其中n.要用单数
只修饰不可数名词：much, little, a little, a great deal of, a great amount of, a piece of, an article of
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