Allay / əˈleɪ /：
( formal) to make sth, especially a feeling, less strong 减轻(尤指情绪)
例：to allay fears/concern/suspicion减轻恐惧;减轻忧虑;减少怀疑
exacerbate / ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt /：
( formal) to make sth worse, especially a disease or problem 使恶化;使加剧;使加重 SYN aggravate
例：The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.
这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
sediment/ ˈsedɪmənt/：
①the solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid 沉淀物
②( geology 地 ) sand, stones, mud, etc. carried by water or wind and left, for example, on the bottom of a lake, river, etc. 沉积物
discourse ：
noun/ ˈdɪskɔːrs /①[countable , uncountable ] ( formal) a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing 论文;演讲
例：a discourse on issues of gender and sexuality
关于性别和性行为的论文
He was hoping for some lively political discourse at the meeting.
他希望在会上听到些生动的政治演讲。
②[uncountable ] ( linguistics 语言 ) the use of language in speech and writing in order to produce meaning; language that is studied, usually in order to see how the different parts of a text are connected 话语;语篇例：spoken/written discourse口头╱书面语段discourse analysis语篇分析verb/ dɪsˈkɔːrs /： discourse on/upon sth(formal)
to talk or give a long speech about sth that you know a lot about讲述;论述
brawl / brɔːl /：
noun : a noisy and violent fight involving a group of people, usually in a public place喧闹;斗殴;闹事
例：a drunken brawl酒后闹事
Verb：[intransitive ] to take part in a noisy and violent fight, usually in a public place 打斗;闹事
例：They were arrested for brawling in the street.他们因在街上打斗而遭到拘捕。
deluge / ˈdeljuːdʒ /：
noun：①a sudden very heavy fall of rain 暴雨;大雨;洪水
②a large number of things that happen or arrive at the same time 涌现的事物;蜂拥而至的事物
例：a deluge of calls/complaints/letters接连不断的电话;没完没了的投诉;纷至沓来的信件
Verb：①deluge sb/sth (with sth) [usually passive ] to send or give sb/sth a large number of things at the same time 使涌来;使充满
例：We have been deluged with applications for the job.
申请这个工作的求职信使我们应接不暇。
②[often passive ] deluge sth ( formal) to flood a place with water 泛滥;淹没
例：The campsite was deluged by a flash flood.
露营地被突发的洪水淹没。
形近词辨析
1. official& officious
official / əˈfɪʃl /:
①[only before noun ] connected with the job of sb who is in a position of authority 公务的;公职的;公事的
例：official responsibilities公务
the Prime Minister's official residence首相官邸
He attended in his official capacity as mayor.
他以市长的官方身分莅临。
② [usually before noun ] agreed to, said, done, etc. by sb who is in a position of authority 正式的;官方的;官方授权的
例：an official announcement/decision/statement
官方公告╱决定╱声明
according to official statistics/figures
根据官方统计╱数字
③[only before noun ] that is told to the public but may not be true 公开的;公布的;据传报的
例：I only knew the official version of events.
我对事情的了解仅限于官方的版本。
The official story has always been that they are just good friends.
官方一直说他们只不过是好朋友。
④[only before noun ] formal and attended by people in authority 正式的;公务的;官方场合的
例：an official function/reception官方活动╱招待会
The official opening is planned for October.正式开幕拟在十月。Noun:( often in compounds 常构成复合词 ) a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization 要员;官员;高级职员
例：a bank/company/court/government official银行╱公司╱法院╱政府要员
a senior official in the State Department国务院的高级官员
officious/ əˈfɪʃəs /：
( disapproving) too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders 爱指手画脚的;爱发号施令的
例：nasty officious little man讨厌、好管闲事的家伙
