2019年教师资格证考试初中英语学科知识与教学能力_第2页

　　请阅读Passage l，完成第21-25小题。

　　Passage 1

　　I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we should preterto live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convincemyself that if it weren't for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go backto nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?

　　Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks,noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when youlive fifteen floors up. All you can see from your windows is sky, or other blocks of flats. Childrenbecome aggressive and nervous--cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothefeel islated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one

　　street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.

　　Country life, on the other hand, differs i~om this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among fiSends in a village, it is also true that you are from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There's little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, anti for anythingslightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city dweller who leaves for the country, is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.

　　What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers ti'om the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its tnain advantages is that you are at the centre of things; and that life doesn't come to an end at half past nine at night. Some people have found(or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the"quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind--they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.

　　21. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

　　A. Large cities are dirty and noisy.

　　B. A job is very important for "me".

　　C. Many city people prefer village to city.

　　D. Villages are tidy and peaceful.

　　22. According to the author, why are cities frightening?

　　A. Because the pressure of work may make people suffer.

　　B. Because many blocks in city are dirty, noisy and impersonal.

　　C. Because it's hard to tlnd a good job in city.

　　D. Because living in a city is not safe.

　　23. Which of the following is not the disadvantage of country life?

　　A. It is inconvenient to buy something.

　　B. Villagers can't enjoy the exciting events.

　　C. Villagers have little opportunity to see a film.

　　D. There are many friends around each villager.

　　24. What does the last sentence of this passage mean?

　　A. City people want to change country life.

　　B. City people want to combine the advantages of city and village.

　　C. Villages don't welcome city people.

　　D. City people don't concern the feeling of villagers.

　　25. The best title of the passage may be

　　A. Country Life Has Many Advantages

　　B. City People Prefer Village to City

　　C. Country Life and City Life

　　D. Cit" Life is Better Than Country Life

　　请阅读Passage 2。完成第26-30小题。

　　Passage 2

　　It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the livesof the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have beenintroduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry takethem out of the. household, their traditional sphere and fundamentally alter their position in society.In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination" ofthe family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole femalesex .., into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability ofmechanization's effects, but thev agreed that it would trmsiorm women's lives.

　　Historians, particularly thnse investigating the history of women, now seriously question thisassumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing tnachine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resultedin equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation ofwomen's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely and extension of an older pattern of employment for young, single women as domestics.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previouslyseen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880'screated a new class of "dead end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women's work". The increase inthe numbers of married women enployed outside the home in the twentieth century, had less to dowith the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it didwith their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool ofsingle women worke, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.

　　Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe ofiice or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupatious by gender, lower pay for women as a group,jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has

　　led to a major revision of the notion that lec.hnology is always inherently revolutionary in its effectson society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of womeu

　　both in the labour market and in the home.

　　26. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

　　A. The mechanization of work has a revolutionary eftct.

　　B. The social mechanization would "aftct women's lives.

　　C. The social status of women has changed.

　　D. Observers have different ideas about the effect of social mechanizatiou.

　　27. The underlined word "innovations" in Para.2 may be replaced by

　　A. efficiency

　　B. productivity

　　C. innovations

　　D. transforming

　　28. Why did the numbers of married women employers increase in the 20th century?

　　A. The mechanization of housework.

　　B. The married women have much spare time.

　　C. The employers don't want to hire the single women.

　　D. Because of their own economic uecessity and high marriage rates.

　　29. Which of the following statement is Not true?

　　A. Now the phenomenon of choosing employees by gender does no longer exist.

　　B. Women have little opportunity for promotion.

　　C. Women are needed to do much housework.

　　D. Women always get low pay in their occupations.

　　30. The best title of the passage may be

　　A. The Influence of Mechanization

　　B. The Status of Women is Changing

　　C. Changes of Women's Work

　　D. Are Women and Men Equal?