B
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of sevenyearolds to talk about science as a job.The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job.When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we're finished with your lists,_do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with “That's right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That's interesting” or “I'd never thought of it that way before”， or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn't make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don't tell. Reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
【语篇解读】 本文阐述了如何激发孩子们对科学的兴趣，以引导孩子们学科学。
40. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is________.
A.to let them see the world around
B.to share the children's curiosity
C.to explain difficult phrases about science
D.to supply the children with lab equipment
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的...share your children's curiosity可推知答案为B。
答案 B
41.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by________.
A.any questions
B.any problems
C.questions from textbooks
D.any number of questions
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第六句The children asked me “textbook questions”可推知答案为C。
答案 C
42.According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults________.
A.ask them to answer quickly
B.wait for one or two seconds after a question
C.tell them to answer the next day
D.wait at least for three seconds after a question
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.可推知答案为D。
答案 D
43.In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A.The second and third.
B.The fourth and fifth.
C.The fifth and sixth.
D.The seventh.
解析 推理判断题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。
答案 C
