2019年学位英语考试模拟试题及答案（一）_第2页

　　二、阅读理解(11-30)

　　Throughout the history of thearts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists.No matter what objects theyselect, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change——to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.

　　Landscape (风景.) is another unchanging elementof art.It can be found from ancient times through the17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impres-sionists.In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists,continued this practice.Leslie sought out the sameplace where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had pro-duced paintings of the samescene a century and a half before.Unlike Cole whoinsists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature,Ledge paints what he actually sees.In his paintings,there is no particular change in motion, and he includes ordinary things likethe highway in the background.He also takes advantageof the latest develop-ments of color photography (摄影术)to help both the eye and the memory when he im-proves his painting back in hisworkroom.

　　Besides, all art begs theage-old question： What is real? Each generation of artists has shown theirunderstanding of reality in one form or another.The impressionists saw re-ality in briefemotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and theCro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in theancient for-ests.To sum up, understanding reality is anecessary struggle for artists of all periods.

　　Over thousands of years thefunction of the arts has remained relatively constant.

　　Past or present, Eastern orWestern, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experi-ence.Many and different are the facesof art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

　　11.The underlined word "poetry"most probably means__________.

　　A.an object for artistic creation

　　B.a collection of poems

　　C.an unusual quality

　　D.a natural scene

　　答案：C

　　12.Leslie's paintings areextraordinary because __________.

　　A.they are close in style to works in ancienttimes

　　B.they look like works by 19th-century painters

　　C.they draw attention to common things in life

　　D.they depend heavily on color photography

　　答案：C

　　13.What is the author's opinion ofartistic reality?

　　A.It will not be found in future works of art.

　　B.It does not have a long-lasting standard.

　　C.It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

　　D.It is lacking in modern works of art.

　　答案：B

　　14.What does the author suggestabout the arts in the last paragraph?

　　A.They express people's curiosity about the past.

　　B.They make people interested in everydayexperience.

　　C.They are considered important for variety inform.

　　D.They are regarded as a mirror of the humansituation.

　　答案：D

　　15.Which of the following is themain topic of the passage?

　　A.History of the arts.

　　B.Basic questions of the arts.

　　C.New developments in the arts.

　　D.Use of modern technology in the arts.

　　答案：B

　　There are two types of peoplein the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and othercomforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhap-py.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things,persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fixtheir attention on the convenience of things： the pleas-ant parts ofconversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerfulthings.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak onlyof the opposite things.Therefore, they are continuallydissatisfied.By their remarks,they sour the pleasureof society, hurt many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy personswould be the more to be pitied.The intention ofcriticizing (批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken upby imitation (模仿).It growsinto a habit, unknown to its possessors.The habit maybe strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effectson their interests and tastes.I hope this littlewarning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chieflyan act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings ondeep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the mostcommon politeness and re-spect.This frequently putsthem in bad temper and draws them into arguments.Ifthey aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobodywishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step orspeak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring onthemselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many willjoin to criticize their wrongdoings.These peopleshould change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleas-ing, withoutworrying needlessly about themselves and others.Ifthey do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact (接触) with them.Otherwise, it can bedisagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixedup in their quarrels.

　　16.People who are unhappy __________.

　　A.always consider things differently from others

　　B.usually are affected by the results of certainthings

　　C.usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D.always discover the unpleasant side of certainthings

　　答案：D

　　17.The phrase "sour thepleasure of society" in Paragraph 2 most nearly means“__________”.

　　A.have a good taste with social life

　　B.make others unhappy

　　C.tend to scold others openly

　　D.enjoy the pleasure of life

　　答案：B

　　18.We can conclude from the passagethat __________.

　　A.we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B.such unhappy people are dangerous to sociallife

　　C.people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D.unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　答案：C

　　19.If such unhappy persons insist onkeeping the habit, the author suggests that peo-ple should__________.

　　A.prevent any communication with them

　　B.show no respect and politeness to them

　　C.persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D.quarrel with them until they realize themistakes

　　答案：A

　　20.In this passage, the writermainly __________.

　　A.describes two types of people

　　B.laughs at the unhappy people

　　C.suggests the unhappy people should get rid ofthe habits of unhappiness

　　D.tells people how to be happy in life

　　答案：C

　　Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, tokeep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight.When he came to analyze theirembarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he wassurprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings.Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).

　　One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work onemorning threw her dog her earrings and tried to {ix a dog biscuit on her ear."The explanation for this is thatthe brain is like a computer," explains the professor."People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog twobiscuits and then put on her earrings.But somehow theaction got reversed in the programme." About onein twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programmeassembly failures".

　　Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions thatthey found themselves doing—an average of twelve each.There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at ourzaniest (荒谬可笑的).These are twohours some time between eight a.m.and noon,between four and six p.m.with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapse-12.5comparedwith 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.

　　A startling finding of the research is that the absent-mindedactivity is a hazard of do-ing things in which we are skilled.Normally, you would expect thatskill reduces the num-ber of errors we make.But tryingto avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse, evendangerous.

　　21.In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects __________.

　　A.to keep track of people who tended to forget things

　　B.to report their embarrassing lapses at random

　　C.to analyze their awkward experiences scientifically

　　D.to keep a record of what they did unintentionally

　　答案：D

　　22.Professor Smith discovered that__________.

　　A.certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents

　　B.many people are too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness

　　C.men tend to be more absent-minded than women

　　D.absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness

　　答案：A

　　23."Programme assembly failures"(Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people__________.

　　A.often fail to programme their routines beforehand

　　B.tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry

　　C.unconsciously change the sequence of doing things

　　D.are likely to mess things up if they are too tired

　　答案：C

　　24.We learn from the third paragraph that __________.

　　A.absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day

　　B.women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods

　　C.women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness

　　D.men's absent-mindedness often results in funny situations

　　答案：A

　　25.It can be concluded from the passage that __________.

　　A.people should avoid doing important things during peak periods oflapses

　　B.hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at

　　C.people should be careful when programming their actions

　　D.lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration

　　答案：D

　　In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahedeveloped a checklist of stressful events.They appreciated the tricky point that any majorchange can bestressful.Negative events like"serious illness of a family member" were high on the list,but sowere some positive life-changing events, like marriage.Whenyou take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflecthow you deal with stress—itonly shows how much you have to deal with.And we now know that the way you handle these events dramaticallyaffects your chances of staying healthy.

　　By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followedHolmes and Rahe's.Andmillions of Americans who worked and lived under stress wereworried over thereports.Somehow, the research gotboiled down to a memorable message.Women's maga-zinesran headlines like "Stress Causes Illness!" If you want to stayphysically and mental-ly healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.

　　But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow.Even i{ stressful events aredanger-ous, many like the death of a loved one are impossible to avoid.Moreover, any warning toavoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities aswell astrouble.Since any change can be stressful, a person whowanted to be completelyfree of stress would never marry, have a child, take anew job or move.

　　The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot ofwhat we know about people.It assumes we're all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face ofadversity (逆境).But what abouthuman initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physicaland mental vigor than they had before.We also know thata long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical andmental strain.

　　26.The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us__________.

　　A.the way you handle major events may cause stress

　　B.what should be done to avoid stress

　　C.what kinds of events would cause stress

　　D.how to cope with sudden changes in life

　　答案：C

　　27.The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to__________.

　　A.widespread concern over its harmful effects

　　B.great panic over the mental disorder it could cause

　　C.an intensive research into stress-related illnesses

　　D.popular avoidance of stressful jobs

　　答案：A

　　28.The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows__________.

　　A.how much pressure you are under

　　B.how positive events can change your life

　　C.how stressful a major event can be

　　D.how you can deal with life-changing events

　　答案：A

　　29.Why is "such simplistic advice" (Para.3) impossible to follow?

　　A.No one can stay on the same job for long.

　　B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.

　　C.People have to get married someday.

　　D.You could be missing opportunities as well.

　　答案：D

　　30.According to the passage, people who have experienced ups and downsmay be-come__________.

　　A.nervous when faced with difficulties

　　B.physically and mentally strained

　　C.more capable of coping with adversity

　　D.indifferent toward what happens to them

　　答案：C