2018年学位英语阅读理解习题及答案（3）

2018年学位英语阅读理解习题及答案（3）

　　DNA

　　Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG. But how could cells understand a message> they couldn’t read or write, so what form could these instructions take? For a long time this question baffled (使困惑)scientists, and they worked hard to figure out how the messages of life were passed from generation to generation.

　　Then in 1953, four scientists solved the mystery. James Waston and Francis Crick, helped by the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, figured out the structure if a super-molecule(超分子)called DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸的缩略)，which contains the cell messages. The three men became world famous and won the Nobel Prize, which is one of the highest honors a scientist can be awarded. But Rosalind Franklin died before people realized how important her work was.

　　Because DNA is too small to be seen under a microscope, the scientists had to figure out how the molecules that made DNA were fitted together. They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder (扭曲的绳梯), which they called a double helix(双螺旋). The “rope” and “steps” of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide (核甘)bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coed messages of life.

　　DNA is in the middle of all living cells. It acts as a memory and control for all growth and reproduction. Each “step” in the twisted ladder is a coded “word” of instructions telling the cell how to build itself up step by step, and when to split in two.

　　When a cell divides, the DNA “unzip”(解开拉练) into two strands (串)，one for each new cells. Each DNA strand contains the full message, and immediately starts building itself back to a double helix by using the chemicals “eaten” by the cells. Soon each cell in the new generation has a full DNA molecule inside it, just like the one in its parent cell. Then the process of growth and division starts all over again.

　　1. Which of the following statements is not true?

　　A. Each living cell can take instructions. B. The DNA molecule is a twisted rope ladder.

　　C. DNA acts as a memory and control center for all growth and reproduction.

　　D. DNA gave the first living cells the ability to split and started the amazing story of life.

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

　　A. Rosalind Franklin won the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA

　　B. People did not solve the mystery of DNA until the year 1853

　　C. The discovery of DNA has exerted a profound influence on scientific world

　　D. Maurice Wilkins died before people realized how important his work was

　　3. According to the passage, the DNA molecule turns out to be ____.

　　A. a twisted rope ladder B. “steps” C. coded “words” D. four kinds of nucleotide bases

　　4. The phrase “the coded messages of life” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _____.

　　A. the instructions to eat, grow, split and to pass this message along

　　B. the process of cell growth and cell division C. the instructions to build itself up

　　D. the instructions to split itself in two

　　5. In the final analysis, a double helix signifies____.

　　A. the chemicals “eaten” by the cell B. the structure of a super-molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid

　　C. the two strands, one for each new cell D. the parent cell and the body cells

　　内容提示与分析： 本文主要围绕DNA讲述了一些生物技术的知识。文章开头提出的问题是：为什么生命信息从一代传向下一代?科学家发现DNA正是秘密所在。随后介绍了DNA的双螺旋结构。DNA处于活细胞的中心，象个记忆库记忆着信息;最后介绍了DNA通过自我复制生成新的DNA的过程。

　　答案及分析：1. B分析：文章第三段第二句提到：“They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder, which they called a double helix.” DNA 只是看起来像绳子，并非说它真是如此。选项B混淆了事实与比喻。故答案为B。

　　2. C分析：由文章第二段可知，科学家获得了诺贝尔奖，可见其成就的重要性。尤其在最后一句明确指出他们工作的重要性，所以C正确。A不对，因为弗兰克林在获奖之前已经去世;B不对，1953年只是发现了DNA，并不意味着完全了解了其秘密;D也不对，与原文不符。故答案为C。

　　3. D分析：由文章第三段最后一句“The rope and steps of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coded messages of life 可知答案，故答案为D。”

　　4. A分析：本体的答案就是第一段第一句：“Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG.”之所以选A,是因为它包含的内容最全面，而B, C D三个选项都仅说到了问题的一个方面，故答案为A.

　　5. B分析：本题考察对文章的推理。由第三段中的“… which contains the cell messages.”可知答案，双螺旋结构就是指DNA的结构。故答案为B。

　　Water Pollution

　　Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for building wasters. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

　　There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

　　A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential; economic uses for their waste products.

　　1. The purpose of this passage is _____.

　　A. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

　　B. to alert the reader the dwindling water supply

　　C. to explain industrial uses of water

　　D. to demonstrate various uses of water

　　2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?

　　A. Expanding industries need larger volume of water.

　　B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.

　　C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.

　　D. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.

　　3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.

　　A. during B. after C. before D. beyond

　　4. The reader can conclude that_____.

　　A. Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.

　　B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes

　　C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

　　D. Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies

　　5. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.

　　A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls B. definitions which clarify important terms

　　C. opinions and personal observations D. strong arguments and persuasions

　　内容提示与分析： 这是一篇介绍水污染以及水污染解决办法的文章。全文可以分为两个部分：第一部分主要介绍水污染越来越严重，比如人口剧增使城市污水增加，工业扩大使含有害化学物质的污水增加。为了解决这些问题，必须采取一定的方法;第二部分主要介绍了两个解决方法，第一个方法是处理污水以降低其危害，废水再利用。第二个方法是经济有效的利用污水。比如农业灌溉和提供工业用水。

　　答案及分析：1. A分析：这篇文章主要介绍污水的现状以及治理方法。A包含这层意思;B警告读者要缩减水的供应，原文没有这个意思;C解释水在工业上的应用，太片面;D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介绍污水的使用。故答案为A.

　　2. D分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,”刚好与答案D的论述相反，所以文章一定没有包含D这个选项的内容。其他选项在文章中都可以找到。故答案为D。

　　3. C分析：按照常理推断，处理污水应该先过滤掉固体物质，然后再对剩下的液体进行处理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，另外，在文章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,与前面的“disposal”相对应，应该可以分析出，这个“disposal”是“final”的，所以“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案为C。

　　4. B分析：这几个选项说得都没有错，但是能够从文章中推断出来的只有B。A文章没有提及国家间的合作;C文章指说明副产品可以进入市场，但是不一定会带来市场的繁荣;D文章关于水供给的论述几乎没有，故答案为B。

　　5. C分析：从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果，并没有采访专家;也不是在争论驳斥，劝服他人;更不是在界定一个重要的术语，故答案为C。