2011下半年大学英语四级模拟试题附答案_第2页

In its place that is fine. Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool? But I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. It has be­come fashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving, impatient public.

In the case of news, this practice, in my view, results in inefficient communication. I question how much of television\'s nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. Much of it is what has been aptly described as \"machine-gunning with scraps.\" I think the technique fights coherence. I think it tends to make things ultimately boring (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring if you know almost nothing about it.

I believe that TV\'s appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that verbal precision is an anachronism. It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise.

There is a crisis of literacy in this country. One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are \"functionally illiterate\" and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.

Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. We are not only not attaining it as a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. And, while I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause, I believe it contributes and is an influence.

Everything about this nation-the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world- has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds hap­piness in choosing the right toothpaste.

When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole­sale to a medium for selling?

Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr., wrote: \"... forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-\" I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare, and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our toler­ance for effort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. If I am wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically, to consider how we should be residing it.  I hope you will join with me in doing so.

1. In America people do sleeping and watching televisions more than anything else.

2. From the passage we know the time an average American spends on watching TV could have made the person learn to become an astronomer or engineer.