2017年初级英语笔译考试讲义：省略、重复
二、英语中的省略、汉语中的重复
英语和汉语都有省略现象。英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复，多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词，助动词、不定式后面的动词，系动词后面的表语，主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。译为汉语时，这些省略掉的词语往往要补上，这就构成了汉语的重复。例如：
1) Football is about ego，[…]respect，[…]national pride.(省略介词about)
足球事关自我、事关尊严、事关民族自尊。
2) When the country[South Korea] won the right to co-host the World Cup, it saw a chance to showcase itself - particularly to Japan, its neighbor, and[…]the U.S., its often-contentious ally.(省略介词to)
当韩国获得世界杯的合办权时，它找到了一个展示自己实力的机会，尤其是向其邻国日本，以与其矛盾不断的盟国美国展示的机会。
3) Histories make men wise; poets[…]witty; the mathematics[…]subtle; natural philosophy[～]deep; moral[…]grave; logic and rhetoric[…]able to contend.(省略动宾结构make men)
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
4) Reading maketh a full man; conference[…]a ready man; and writing[…]an exact man.(省略动词maketh)
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
反之，汉语行文重重复，英语忌重复，所以汉译英时，汉语中重复的词语常常要省略掉。例如：
5) 1984年，国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇表示，国际奥委会不仅希望看到中国主办1990年亚运会，更希望中国主办奥运会。
In 1984, IOC President Samaranch said the IOC would like to see China host not only the 1990 Asian Games but also the Olympic Games.
6) 1991年至2001年，北京共筹备了两次申奥工作，一次为2000年奥运会，另一次则为2008年奥运会。
During 1991 and 2001, Beijing made two Olympic bids, one for 2000[…] and the other for 2008[…].
7) 野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。
Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as[…]of evil.
8) 要顺应自然工作，不要违反自然工作。
Work with, and not[…]against, nature.
9) 你想去就去。
You may go if you wish to (go).
10) 老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳;老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎;老年人如僧，少年人如侠;老年人如字典，少年人如戏文;老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如白兰地酒;老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大海洋之珊瑚岛;老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西伯利亚之铁路;老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春间之草;老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源……(梁启超《少年中国说》)
The old man is like the setting sun; the young man,[…]the morning sun. The old man is like a lean ox; the young man,[…]a cub tiger. The old man is like a monk; the young man,[…]a knight. The old man is like a dictionary;[…]the young man, the text of a play. The old man is like opium; the young,[…]brandy. The old man is like a shooting star; the young man,[…]a coral island. The old man is like the pyramid of Egypt; the young man,[…]the Siberian railroad. The old man is like the willow after autumn; the young man,[…]the grass in spring. The old man is like the dead sea that turns into a lake; the young man,[～]the source of the Yangtze River...
