2017年初级英语笔译考试讲义：定语从句翻译练习
译法：
1.定语从句的前置合译法：
On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
2.定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.
译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
3.定语从句的溶合变译法;
This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)
译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。
定语从句翻译练习：
1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
4. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.
大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。(前置译法)
5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。(后置译法)
6. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。(句首译法)
7. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。(倒装、定从使用)
8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.
随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
9. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。
10. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻(union with close kin)的禁止。
