2016年翻译考试初级笔译语法：定语从句的讲解练习及译法
1.that和which用法比较：
1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。
e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.
他说他很忙，那是假的。
We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.
我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。
2) which用于介词后做宾语。
e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.
窗户正对着海的房间很大。
The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.
你坐的椅子是用钢做的。
3) that一定用于“不(不定代词作先行词时)止(“只是”only修饰先行词时)最(形容词最高级修饰先行词时)两(先行词同时出现人和物)序(序数词修饰先行词时)”五种情况。
e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。
A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.
装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。
That is only thing that I want to know.
那是我唯一想知道的事情。
The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.
你买的最后一本书是我想买的。
What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before?
你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大?
2.定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和限定性定语从句。
e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。
e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。
限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。
