BEC初级：提高阅读速度的单词技巧

　　提高阅读速度的单词技巧

　　一、定义猜词法

　　即根据定义猜测词义的方法。需要定义或解释的单词或短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中的关键词，作者为了使读者正确理解它们，就得做出较浅显的解释或说明。

　　例一：Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck,four legs and orange skin with dark spots.根据后面对Giraffe 的解释，它的词义为“长颈鹿”。

　　例二：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知 Anthropology 的词义为“研究人类的科学”即“人类学”。

　　例三：What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioningwhere the information is from.根据定义我们知道plagiarism的词义为“剽窃”。

　　二、定语从句

　　定语从句对先行词起限定、修饰或解释作用，因此我们可以利用定语从句来推测先行词的词义。

　　例一：Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returnedto the island, are called Nuvoricans.

　　Nuvoricans 的词义可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的两个定语从句来得到， 即生在纽约，后又回到波多黎各的人。

　　例二：Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind andbody.根据定语从句我们可以看出Psychophysiology的意思为“身心联系的科学”，即“心理生理学”。

　　三、同位短语或同位语从句

　　同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、分号、引号和括号连接。

　　例一：According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a studyof ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their bloodpressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.根据句法结构的知识，我们知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位语，由此可知The Lancet是一个杂志的名称。

　　例二：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak andread intelligently.两个逗号中间的短语the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位语，意为“对词义进行研究的科学”， 即“语义学”。

　　四、对比结构

　　寻找文中相互对比、相互对照的线索来确定生词的含义。

　　在此类文章中，通常会出现一些表示意义转折、对比的词语：however, but, on the other hand, onthe contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.

　　例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilledones.根据句法结构可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.为对比关系，意义相反。由theunskilled ones可推出the adept workers为熟练工人。

　　例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.通过but我们知道abhor是like的反义词，意为“厌恶”。

　　五、并列平行结构

　　它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.

　　例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为“生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣”，我们可以推测hassle意为“混乱”。

　　例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenthcentury, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a Frenchwoman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dresslike a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系，根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为“难倒，使受挫，阻碍”之意。

　　例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为“健谈的”。