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全国2012年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学(一)试题

来源:考试网 [ 2012年3月5日 ] 【大 中 小】
全国2012年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学(一)试题
课程代码:02998
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.提示慢性支气管炎患者发生COPD的临床征象是(      )
A.晨起咳嗽加重,白天较轻
B.咳白色粘液痰或浆液性泡沫痰
C.一年四季均有咳嗽,且在冬春加重
D.在咳嗽咳痰基础上出现逐渐加重的呼吸困难
2.治疗肺炎支原体肺炎首选的抗生素是(      )
A.青霉素                                                       B.红霉素
C.庆大霉素                                                   D.环丙沙星
3.女性多见,出现症状相对较晚,对放疗、化疗敏感性较差的肺癌类型是(      )
A.鳞状上皮细胞癌                                         B.腺癌
C.小细胞癌                                                   D.大细胞癌
4.服用地高辛治疗心衰时,护士给药前应先数心率,如护士判断不能给药,则此时患者心率可能为(      )
A.55次/分                                                   B.65次/分
C.75次/分                                                   D.85次/分
5.导致二尖瓣狭窄患者死亡的主要原因是(      )
A.充血性心力衰竭                                         B.心房颤动
C.脑动脉栓塞                                                D.急性肺水肿
6.急性心肌梗死发病后常检测心肌损伤标记物,其中特异性和敏感性最高的是(      )
A.肌酸磷酸激酶                                            B.天门冬酸氨基转移酶
C.肌钙蛋白                                                   D.乳酸脱氢酶
7.PTCA术后患者应绝对卧床休息,患侧肢体制动,拔管后穿刺点砂袋压迫(      )
A.1小时                                                        B.6小时
C.12小时                                                      D.24小时
8.导致慢性浅表性胃炎的最主要病因是(      )
A.自身免疫因素                                            B.饮食和环境因素
C.幽门螺杆菌感染                                         D.十二指肠液反流入胃
9.溃疡性结肠炎患者活动期的重要表现是(      )
A.恶心呕吐                                                   B.腹胀
C.腹痛                                                          D.粘液脓血便
10.肝硬化患者最常见的并发症是(      )
A.肝性脑病                                                   B.上消化道出血
C.感染                                                          D.肝肾综合征
11.肝性脑病患者忌用的灌肠液是(      )
A.清水                                                          B.生理盐水
C.肥皂水                                                       D.弱酸性溶液
12.成人无尿标准一般为24小时尿量少于(      )
A.400ml                                                         B.300ml
C.200ml                                                         D.100ml
13.关于慢性肾小球肾炎患者饮食护理描述正确的是(      )
A.蛋白质的摄入量为0.5~0.8g/(kg·d)
B.30%以上的蛋白为高生物效价蛋白质
C.饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸比为2∶1
D.盐的摄入量每天不少于3g
14.慢性肾功能衰竭患者常见的最早期症状是(      )
A.食欲不振伴恶心呕吐                                  B.皮肤瘀斑、鼻出血
C.肢体麻木、烧灼或疼痛感                           D.皮肤瘙痒、尿毒霜
15.缺铁性贫血的主要病因是(      )
A.需铁量增加而摄入不足                              B.胃酸缺乏
C.慢性失血                                                   D.肠道功能紊乱
16.治疗再生障碍性贫血的药物中属于促造血治疗的药物是(      )
A.雄激素                                                       B.抗淋巴细胞球蛋白
C.环磷酰胺                                                   D.甲泼尼龙
17.特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者发生脑出血,此时其血小板计数可能低于(      )
A.20×109/L                                                B.40×109/L
C.60×109/L                                                D.80×109/L
l8.过敏性紫癜患者紫癜多位于(      )
A.面颊                                                          B.前胸
C.上肢                                                          D.下肢
19.单纯性甲状腺肿患者应避免摄入的物质是(      )
A.卷心菜                                                       B.海带
C.紫菜                                                          D.加碘盐
20.患者女性,55岁,甲亢病史10年,因胆道感染行手术治疗。术后患者出现高热、烦躁、谵妄、大汗淋漓、腹泻,HR145次/分,Bp200/90mmHg,T40℃,提示该患者合并了
(      )
A.败血症                                                       B.甲亢性心脏病
C.心力衰竭                                                   D.甲状腺危象
21.符合糖尿病诊断要点的是(      )
A.糖尿病症状加任意时间血浆葡萄糖≥7.0mmol/L
B.糖尿病症状加空腹血浆葡萄糖水平≥7.0mmol/L
C.糖尿病症状加餐后2小时血浆葡萄糖≥7.0mmol/L
D.OGTT试验中2小时血浆葡萄糖水平≥7.0mmol/L
22.应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病最常发生的不良反应是(      )
A.过敏反应                                                   B.皮下脂肪萎缩
C.低血糖反应                                                D.注射部位皮下小结
23.治疗类风湿关节炎的药物中,具有镇痛消肿作用,可缓解关节疼痛和晨僵等症状,但不能控制病情发展的药物是(      )
A.甲氨蝶呤                                                   B.阿司匹林
C.硫唑嘌呤                                                   D.环孢素
24.系统性红斑狼疮患者发病后易侵犯关节,但一般较少累及(      )
A.腕关节                                                       B.膝关节
C.肘关节                                                       D.踝关节
25.有机磷杀虫药中毒后患者出现毒蕈碱样症状,主要是由(      )
A.交感神经末梢兴奋所致                              B.副交感神经末梢兴奋所致
C.交感神经末梢抑制所致                              D.副交感神经末梢抑制所致
26.应用阿托品治疗有机磷中毒,符合“阿托品化”临床特征的是(      )
A.瞳孔较前缩小                                            B.皮肤湿润
C.心率减慢                                                   D.颜面潮红
27.一氧化碳中毒患者应及时纠正缺氧,当吸入新鲜空气时,由COHb释放出半量CO约需(      )
A.1小时                                                        B.2小时
C.3小时                                                        D.4小时
28.能代表HBV活动性复制和传染性强的标志的是(      )
A.HBsAg                                                        B.抗-HBs
C.HBeAg                                                        D.抗-HBe
29.艾滋病患者常出现机会性感染,其中最常见的引起死亡的最主要原因是(      )
A.念珠菌肺炎                                                B.卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎
C.隐球菌肺炎                                                D.巨细胞病毒肺炎
30.霍乱最重要的传播途径是(      )
A.水型传播                                                   B.食物传播
C.日常生活接触传播                                     D.苍蝇媒介传播
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