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全国2008年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学(一)试题

来源:考试网 [ 2012年3月5日 ] 【大 中 小】
全国2008年1月高等教育自学考试内科护理学(一)试题
课程代码:02998
一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.大咯血窒息时病人应采取的正确体位是(      )
A.头高脚低45°仰卧位                                 B.头高脚低45°俯卧位
C.头低脚高45°仰卧位                                 D.头低脚高45°俯卧位
2.导致慢性阻塞性肺气肿的最常见病因是(      )
A.支气管哮喘                                                B.慢性支气管炎
C.支气管扩张                                                D.肺纤维化
3.对预防运动性哮喘或过敏原诱发的哮喘最有效的药物是(      )
A.沙丁胺醇                                                   B.氨茶碱
C.色甘酸二钠                                                D.氟美松
4.小细胞肺癌病人首选的治疗手段是(      )
A.化学药物治疗                                            B.放射治疗
C.手术治疗                                                   D.生物治疗
5.形成肺动脉高压的最重要因素是(      )
A.缺氧性肺血管收缩                                     B.高碳酸血症
C.肺血管床减少                                            D.血液粘稠度增加
6.呼吸衰竭时缺氧的典型表现是(      )
A.呼吸困难                                                   B.紫绀
C.注意力不集中                                            D.心率增快
7.一二尖瓣狭窄病人于上楼时出现呼吸困难,休息后缓解,不能提重物,其心功能状况为(      )
A.I级                                                            B.Ⅱ级
C.Ⅲ级                                                          D.Ⅳ级
8.不属于心房颤动心电图特点的是(      )
A.P波消失                                                    B.大小不等的f波
C.f波频率350~600次/分                           D.QRS波群绝对匀齐
9.病人男性,有高血压病史l0年,现血压波动在165/100mmHg,其高血压属于(      )
A.临界高血压                                                B.高血压一级
C.高血压二级                                                D.高血压三级
10.最有效的终止心绞痛发作的药物是(      )
A.心痛定                                                       B.硝酸甘油
C.潘生丁                                                       D.倍他乐克
11.胃溃疡疼痛的节律性是(      )
A.进食-疼痛-缓解                                          B.疼痛-进食-缓解
C.进食-疼痛-排便-缓解                                 D.疼痛-便意-便后缓解
12.肠结核的好发部位是(      )
A.十二指肠                                                   B.回盲部
C.乙状结肠                                                   D.直肠
13.不属于肝硬化门脉高压症状的是(      )
A.腹壁静脉曲张                                            B.腹水
C.蜘蛛痣                                                       D.脾大
14.导致上消化道出血的最主要病因是(      )
A.食管静脉曲张破裂出血                              B.消化性溃疡出血
C.急性胃粘膜病变出血                                  D.胃癌出血
15.急性肾小球肾炎起病的首发症状一般是(      )
A.血尿                                                          B.高血压
C.蛋白尿                                                       D.水肿
16.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的细菌是(      )
A.粪链球菌                                                   B.葡萄球菌
C.大肠杆菌                                                   D.变形杆菌
17.慢性肾功能衰竭病人不会出现的电解质紊乱是(      )
A.高血钾                                                       B.高血钠
C.高血钙                                                       D.高血磷
18.出血性疾病病人最应引起护士重视的症状是(      )
A.咯血                                                          B.呕血
C.尿血                                                          D.剧烈头痛
19.治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的首选药物是(      )
A.雄激素                                                       B.肾上腺糖皮质激素
C.免疫抑制剂                                                D.阿托品
20.应用柔红霉素治疗急性白血病应注意观察的不良反应是(      )
A.神经炎                                                       B.心脏损害
C.出血性膀胱炎                                            D.唾液腺肿大
21.甲亢病人甲状腺肿大的特征性体征是(      )
A.弥漫性肿大                                                B.对称性肿大
C.随吞咽动作上下移动                                  D.震颤和血管杂音
22.糖尿病酮症酸中毒的特征性表现是(      )
A.食欲减退、恶心呕吐                                  B.极度口渴、皮肤干燥
C.呼吸深快、有烂苹果味                              D.头痛、烦躁
23.I型糖尿病病人的主要死亡原因是(      )
A.糖尿病肾小球硬化症                                  B.糖尿病致出血性脑血管病
C.糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷                              D.糖尿病致心肌梗死
24.对系统性红斑狼疮病人进行皮肤护理不妥的是(      )
A.避免阳光直射皮肤                                     B.温水洗脸
C.剪指甲勿过短                                            D.女性可略施化妆品
25.属于烟碱样症状的是(      )
A.流涎                                                          B.腹痛
C.眼睑颤动                                                   D.多汗
26.一病人在大量出汗后一次饮水1500ml,随后出现四肢无力、腓肠肌痉挛,测体温37℃,该病人中暑类型为(      )
A.热衰竭                                                       B.热痉挛
C.日射病                                                       D.热射病
27.传染病区别于其他感染性疾病的特点是(      )
A.有病原体                                                   B.有传染性
C.有流行性                                                   D.有免疫性
28.对甲型和戊型肝炎病人应自起病日起隔离(      )
A.1周                                                           B.2周
C.3周                                                           D.4周
29.艾滋病人最常见的机会性感染是(      )
A.鸟型分枝杆菌肺结核                                  B.弓形虫肺炎
C.卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎                                     D.巨细胞病毒肺炎
30.符合流行性脑脊髓膜炎脑脊液变化的是(      )
A.外观清亮                                                   B.糖增高
C.氯化物正常                                                D.白细胞1000×109/L以上
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