自学考试《现代语言学》练习习题及答案

　　一、单项选择 (1--- 5ABCBD 6---10CCBCB 11---15BDAAD)

　　1. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?

　　A. [p]

　　B. [b]

　　C. [m]

　　D. [t]

　　2. The great source of modification of the air stream is found in the ______ cavity.

　　A. nasal

　　B. oral

　　C. lung

　　D. glottis

　　3. ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.

　　A. A locutionary B. An illocutionary

　　C. A perlocutionary D. A speech

　　4. Once the notion of ______ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.

　　A. meaning

　　B. context

　　C. form

　　D. content

　　5. Sense is concerned with the ______ meaning of the linguistic form.

　　A. contextual

　　B. real

　　C. behaviorist

　　D. inherent

　　6. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.

　　A. word

　　B. lexical item

　　C. superordinate

　　D. hyponym

　　7. Words that are opposite in meaning are ______.

　　A. synonyms

　　B. hyponyms

　　C. antonyms

　　D. homophones

　　8. The word “modernizers” is composed of _____ morphemes.

　　A. 3

　　B. 4

　　C. 5

　　D. 6

　　9. According to F. de Saussure, _____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

　　A. parole

　　B. performance

　　C. langue

　　D. language

　　10. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ______.

　　A. words

　　B. sounds

　　C. objects

　　D. ideas

　　11. ______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

　　A. Free

　　B. Bound

　　C. Root

　　D. Affix

　　12. The smallest meaningful unit of language is ______.

　　A. root

　　B. affix

　　C. stem

　　D. morpheme

　　13. _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.

　　A. Linguistic taboo

　　B. Euphemism

　　C. Address term

　　D. Slang

　　14. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called ______.

　　A. neurons

　　B. nerve system

　　C. nerves

　　D. cerebral cortex

　　15. ______ language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Family.

　　A. English

　　B. Spanish

　　C. Indian

　　D. Chinese

　　二、名词解释 (每个2分，共20 分)

　　1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

　　2. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

　　3. Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

　　4. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performing is saying something.

　　5. Speech community is thus defined as a group of people who form a community (which may have few members as a family or as many members as a country), and share the same language or a particular variety of language.

　　6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

　　7. Inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

　　8. Pragmatics is the study of how speakers of language use sentences to effect successful communication.

　　9. Accent refers to a way of pronunciation which tells the listener something about the speaker’s regional or social background.

　　10. A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds.

　　三、简答题(每小题5分，共20分)

　　1. What is the distinction between competence and performance?

　　Competence and performance was proposed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.