2017年中考英语备考资料：时态和语态(二)

　　时态和语态(二)

　　语态的种类：

　　1. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

　　2. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

　　被动语态的构成：Be + V-过分(+by…)

　　常用的时态共有八种，形式如下：

　　被动语态各时态构成：

　　1. Trees are planted every year.

　　2. The road is being repaired.

　　3. The work has been finished.

　　4. The story was told by him.

　　Many birds were killed last year.

　　5. The new house was being painted when I got home.

　　6. He told me that the work had been finished.

　　7. The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

　　8. He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.

　　9. The problem must be solved soon.

　　Children should be taught to love animals.

　　被动语态的用法：

　　A. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.

　　B. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.

　　C. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。

　　Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (强调汉语使用的广泛)

　　My bike was stolen last night.

　　D. 句子的主语不是人。

　　Many houses were washed away by the flood.

　　主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：

　　1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语

　　2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

　　3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格)，如不需要则可省略。

　　4、其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

　　1. Some people attacked the towers.

　　2. A car knocked him down yesterday.

　　3. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.

　　4 .When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree.

　　5. We’ll put on the play next Sunday.

　　6 .Workers are building a new teaching building in our school.

　　7. They had completed the railway by the end of last year.

　　8. We should protect the earth.

　　9. You need to paint the wall.(need +doing)

　　10. My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.(give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb)

　　如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

　　11. We often hear him play the guitar. (see make hear)

　　make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

　　We should take care of the old people .

　　(动词短语变被动)

　　一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

　　We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laughed at by us.

　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man.→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

　　题一：Dad, the phone is ringing, I guess either you or mum _______on the phone.

　　A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want

　　题二：Look! A big modern building ___ in our city.

　　A. is built B. is being built C. has been built D. is building

　　题三：Your bike can’t ______ there.

　　A. be put B. is put C. be putted D. putted

　　题四：Mary is always pleased _______ at the party.

　　A. to invite to sing B. to invite singing C. to be invited to sing D. to be invited singing

　　题五：______ trees usually _______ in April?

　　A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. Have, been planted D. Do, planted

　　题六：When we got there, the road _______.

　　A. is being repaired B. was being repaired C. has been repaired D. was repaired

　　题七：My room _______ tomorrow.

　　A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleaning

　　题八：Old people must________.

　　A. be spoken to politely B. speak to polite C. be spoken politely D. speak polite

　　题九：My watch doesn’t work, I must have it____.

　　A. repairs B. repair C. repaired D. repairing

　　题十：The window of our house _____ once a week.

　　A. have been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning

　　时态和语态(下)： 讲义参考答案

　　题一：A 题二：B 题三：A 题四：C 题五：B 题六：B 题七：C 题八：A 题九：C 题十：B