托福考试（词汇）模拟试题十二

　　1. In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads.

　　The word "effect" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) value

　　(B) argument

　　(C) influence

　　(D) restraint

　　2. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.

　　The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) separate

　　(B) innovative

　　(C) alarming

　　(D) provocative

　　3. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.

　　The word "setting" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) discussing

　　(B) analyzing

　　(C) establishing

　　(D) avoiding

　　4. Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action.

　　The word "ends" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) benefits

　　(B) decisions

　　(C) services

　　(D) goals

　　5. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals.

　　The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) widespread

　　(B) radical

　　(C) progressive

　　(D) risky

　　6. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals.

　　The word "extracted" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) located

　　(B) preserved

　　(C) removed

　　(D) studied

　　7. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.

　　The word "instances" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) methods

　　(B) processes

　　(C) cases

　　(D) reasons

　　8. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.

　　The word "entombed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) crushed

　　(B) trapped

　　(C) produced

　　(D) excavated

　　9. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.

　　The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) pronounced

　　(B) fortunate

　　(C) understandable

　　(D) mysterious

　　10. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.

　　The phrase "ushering in" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) beginning

　　(B) demanding

　　(C) publishing

　　(D) increasing

　　The word "executed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) sold

　　(B) requested

　　(C) admired

　　(D) created

　　【答案】

　　1 C　　2 A　　3 C　　4 D　　5 B　　6 C　　7 C　　8 B　　9 A　　10 A D