2015年托福考试语法试题及答案详解15

　　1. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade.

　　A. and to include

　　B. which including

　　C. included

　　D. including

　　答案：D

　　分析：两个逗号之间是插入语，这里分词作状语，不能用谓语动词。

　　参考译文：包括大湖区和墨西哥峡谷的美国所有主要城市都是以贸易中心的模式发展起来的。

　　2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became _________ .

　　A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

　　B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital

　　C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

　　D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

　　答案：A

　　分析：缺宾语。B语序混乱;C中出现两个谓语动词，错;D中became 仍然没有宾语，so that 多余，错。

　　参考译文：波士顿在1963年被英国清教徒定址，并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。

　　3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.

　　A. the direction in which

　　B. to where the direction

　　C. that direction of which

　　D. where the direction

　　答案：A

　　分析：空格前缺宾语，空格后是个完整的句子，只有B能满足。prep+which 作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。

　　参考译文：船和飞机的领航员通过指南针来确定他们航行的方向。

　　4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.

　　A. what

　　B. in which

　　C. in whose

　　D. that

　　答案：B

　　分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，选项中优先选择prep+which.prep+which 作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。

　　参考译文：冷凝器是一种热交换器，蒸气或水汽在里面失去热量，变回液体状态。

　　5. Published in 1957， John Cheever's first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earned _________ the National Book Award.

　　A. that he had

　　B. him

　　C. was his

　　D. to him

　　答案：B

　　分析：双宾语结构：sth. Earn sb sth. 类似的还有gain/win

　　参考译文：John Cheever的第一部小说The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年，并为他赢得全国图书奖。