新托福口语探秘:QuestionFour

Introduction

　　Question 4 of TOEFL iBT is the second of the Integrated Tasks. For this task you will read a short passage about an academic passage about an academic subject and listen to a professor give a brief excerpt from a lecture on that subject. You will then be asked a question which you will answer based on what you have read and heard. The reading passage is usually 75 and 100 words in length and the topics are usually about life science, social science, physical science and humanities. You will have 60 seconds in which you have to give a respond.

　　In this part the reading and listening material can provide similar or different opinions. Candidates can take notes on what you listen to and read and make an outline. Make use of your notes and outlines to orally summarize the information and ideas from the listening and reading materials. You have to paraphrase what you have heard and read by using different words and grammatical structures.

　　The sample question task 4 below is a very good example. It begins with a reading passage about animal species suitable for domestication. In the listening part , a lecturer talks about the behavior of two species of animals. Candidate should explain how the behavior of the two species of animals is related to their suitability for domestication.

　　Integrated Test Task 4

　　Narrator:

　　In this question you will read a short passage on an academic subject and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then answer a question using information from both the reading passage and the talk. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

　　Passage:

　　For thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that are in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated. A good indicator of animal’s ability suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as “leader”.

　　Listening:

　　So we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals domestication, particularly animals that lived together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example in the wild, horses live in herds that consists of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They programmed to follow the lead of the other horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of the horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas, they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory. But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the antelope. Well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another female from entering its territory during the breeding season. Very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy, they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.