TPO2托福听力Lecture4原文文本

　　TPO2托福听力Lecture4原文文本

　　Bode’s Law

　　Professor: OK, let’s get going. Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered. And ...I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, ...6, ...12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female student: Multiplying by 2?

　　Professor: Right, I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be…

　　Female student: 48.

　　Professor: 48, then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 …How am I getting this second row?

　　Male Student: Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.

　　Professor: I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female Student: Putting in a decimal?

　　Professor: Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury...Venus...Earth...Mars. So, what do the numbers mean? Do you remember from the reading?

　　Male Student: Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?

　　Professor: Right, in astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by ...6 or 7 percent or so. It’s ...but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern is known as Bode’s Law.

　　Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago. Well, you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2. 8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um ...but there wasn’t anything obvious there, in the early telescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of ...?

　　Female Student: Another planet?

　　Professor: The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun, and then in 1801, the object Ceres was discovered.

　　And Ceres was in the right place—the missing spot. Uh, but it was way too faint to be a planet. It looked like a little star. Uh, and because of its starlike appearance, um, it was called an “asteroid. ” OK? “Aster” is Greek for “star,” as in “astronomy. ” Um, and so, Ceres was the first and is the largest of what became many objects discovered at that same distance. Not just one thing, but all the objects found at that distance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is the most famous success of this Bode’s Law. That’s how the asteroid belt was discovered.

　　TPO2托福听力Lecture4题目文本

　　1.What is Bode's law?

　　a) A law of gravitation

　　b) An estimate of the distance between Mars and Jupiter

　　c) A prediction of how many asteroids there are

　　d) A pattern in the spacing of the planets

　　2.Why does the professor explain Bode's Law to the class?

　　a) To describe the size of the asteroids

　　b) To explain how the asteroids belt was discovered

　　c) To explain how gravitational forces influence the planets

　　d) To describe the impact of telescopes on astronomy

　　3.How does the professor introduce Bode's Law?

　　a) By demonstrating how it is derived mathematically

　　b) By describing the discovery of Uranus

　　c) By drawing attention to the inaccuracy of a certain pattern

　　d) By telling the names of several of the asteroids

　　4.According to the professor, what two factors contributed to the discovery of the asteroid Ceres?

　　a) Improved telescopes

　　b) Advances in mathematics

　　c) The discovery of a new star

　　d) The position of Uranus in a pattern

　　5.What does the professor imply about the asteroid belt?

　　a) It is farther from the Sun than Uranus.

　　b) Bode believed it was made up of small stars.

　　c) It is located where people expected to find a planet.

　　d) Ceres is the only one of the asteroids that can be seen without a telescope.

　　6.Why does the professor say this?

　　a) To introduce an alternative application of Bode's Law

　　b) To give an example of what Bode's law cannot explain

　　c) To describe the limitations of gravitational theory

　　d) To contrast Bode's Law with a real scientific law

　　TPO2托福听力Lecture4答案解析

　　第1题：细节题

　　正确答案：D

　　对应原文：2'23"-2'30"...but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago.

　　解析：原文中教授直接提到pattern in the spacing ofo the planets,和选项D直接呼应，表达也基本没变。

　　第2题：主旨目的题

　　正确答案：B

　　对应原文：0'12"-0'17"Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered.

　　解析：本文着重分析了什么是波德定律。它本身是行星在空间排列里，呈现出到太阳远近举例的有规律的数字模式

　　第3题：细节题

　　正确答案：A

　　对应原文：0'18"-2'15"Professor:

　　And, I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, ... 6, ....12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female student:

　　Multiplying by 2?

　　Professor:

　　Right. I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be…

　　Female student

　　48.

　　Professor:

　　48. Then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 …How am I getting this second row?

　　Male Student:

　　Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.

　　Professor:

　　I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female Student:

　　Putting in a decimal?

　　Professor:

　　Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury . . . Venus. . . Earth. . . Mars. So, what do the numbers mean? Do you remember from the reading?

　　Male Student:

　　Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?

　　Professor

　　Right. In astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by . . . 6 or 7 percent or so. It’s . . . but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern is known as Bode’s Law.

　　解析：教授是通过用数学推演的方式来介绍波德定律的。对一串数列进行加工、改进、添加单位，最后这个模式被称为波德定律。

　　第4题：细节-多选题

　　正确答案：AD

　　对应原文：2'48"-3'20"The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun, and then in 1801, the object Ceres was discovered.

　　解析：天王星的发现论证了波德定律的准确性。这个推动人们去运用这个定律去发现其他行星;而教授也重点提到了望远镜的改良的意义。

　　第5题：推断题

　　正确答案：C

　　对应原文：3'47"-3'59"Not just one thing, but all the objects found at that distance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is the most famous success of this Bode’s Law.

　　解析：当波德定律的准确性被验证之后，当时的人们热衷寻找空缺位置的行星，但是却找到了以谷神星为代表的一群微弱的小行星，也就是小行星带。

　　第6题：重听-目的题

　　正确答案：D

　　对应原文：2'16"-2'24"Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, ...

　　解析：波德定律对于行星的预测只是一个大概的预测，而不是实实在在拿起计算器做出精密计算的一个理论。所以它并不是真正意义上的科学定律。