托福语法词汇大讲堂——第二讲：句子结构

　　第二讲 句子结构

　　Chapter Two —— Sentence Structure

　　1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首，表示句子说的是什么人或者什么事情。一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当。

　　The girl is pretty.

　　He is a volunteer.

　　To see is to believe

　　Reading is useful.

　　What is more unbelievable is the fact that he didn’t die.

　　2.谓语：说明主语做什么，是什么或者怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成.谓语在人称和数的方面必须要和主语一致。

　　They are teachers.

　　She looks well.

　　He can speak English.

　　He studies hard.

　　He laughed at his classmates.

　　3.宾语: 是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后。

　　She plays the piano.

　　He often helps me.

　　I like watching TV.

　　She likes to go to shop this afternoon.

　　I think that he is a good guy.

　　注：直接宾语和间接宾语：英语中，一些及物动词如：give, pass, show, send, bring, tell, teach, buy, lend等，可以带两个宾语。一个指人，叫间接宾语;一个指物，叫直接宾语。

　　Eg. He gives him the book

　　(间宾) (直宾)

　　4. 表语：说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.

　　I am a teacher.

　　She is happy.

　　Everybody is here.

　　They are at home now.

　　My job is to teach English.

　　Seeing is believing.

　　This is what I want

　　5. 定语：是用来说明人或事物的品质或特征。修饰名词或代词。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语.

　　The black bike is mine. What’s your name?

　　I have five books. The boy in the room is Jack.

　　They made paper flowers. I have something to do.

　　A sleeping boy. A broken vase.

　　The girl who is talking is my sister.

　　注：英语的定语可以前置，也可以后置。独立的单词作定语时，习惯上放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;短语或句子(定语从句)作定语时，应放在被修饰的词后面，作后置定语

　　6. 状语：状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等.一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当.

　　I have a dream today.(时间状语)

　　He did it carefully. (方式状语)

　　I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.(地点状语)

　　7. 宾语补足语：是补充说明宾语的身份，状态，特性或所做的动作的一种句子成分。一般由名词，形容词，不定式，介词短语和分词构成。

　　His parents named him Jim.

　　We found the book very interesting.

　　.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.

　　I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.