托福考试辅导：语法讲解（10）

考点三 名词(词组)作同位语

同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
例题:
(1)
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
 (A) that institutes
 (B) while instituted
 (C) was an institution
 (D) an institute

答案: (D)
解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语

(2)
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
 (A) is the great modern choreographer
 (B) one of the great modern choreographers
 (C) that the great modern choreographers
 (D) the modern choreographers were great

答案：B
解释：此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任；A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句

考点四 名词(词组)作定语

名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题
这样的词语有：word order（词序）， taxi driver（出租车司机）等

例题:
(1)
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.
应改为: distribution/ distributing.
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center，可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯

(2)
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
应改为: color
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果