托福考试辅导：语法讲解（9）

第六节 名词在句中的作用

考点一 名词(词组)作主语

填空题中经常出现句子中缺少主语的题型, 大多数都需要填入名词或名词短语
例题:
(1)
In 1964 ----of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
  (A) was a major collection
  (B) that a major collection
  (C) a collection was major
  (D) a major collection

答案: (D)
解释: 此句主语残缺, 且谓语动词was shown 需与单数主语搭配, 故填入单数名词词组. (A) (C)中的was均与原文中was冲突, 违背了谓语唯一的原则, (B) 使原句变为只有从句无主句

(2)
 The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval alchemists.
应改为：beginnings.
解释：句子的主语应采用名词形式, begins 是动词的第三人称单数形式, 不能置于the之后作主语

考点二 名词(词组)作宾语

填空题中有相当一部分缺少动词宾语的题需填入名词或名词短语
例题:
(1)
In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a ----to New York's rock'n 'roll fans.
 (A) new dance, the twist
 (B) twist, was the new dance
 (C) twist, the new dance that
 (D) new dance is the twist

答案: (A)
解释: 谓语动词introduce的宾语不完整, 由空格前的a可肯定应填入名词词组, (B) (D) 都用谓语结构可首先排除, (C) 中的that无法与空格后的部分构成从句, 只有(A) 符合名词作宾语的要求, 其中逗号后是名词作同位语

(2)
Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant's instep to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch.
应改为: promise.
解释: 形容词promising不能作动词show的宾语, 需改为名词