On Sleep

共享题干题                                                               (二)
                                                             On Sleep
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        Baekeland and Hartmann report that the "short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other ac-tivities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome inter-ruptions in their daily routines.
        In general, these "short sleepers" appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, con-formist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held sev-eral jobs at once, or workers full or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or "acceptable" to their friends and associates. When asked to recall their dreams, the "short sleepers" did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychologi-cal problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
    The sleep patterns of the "short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep pat-terns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic (疯人). The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the "short sleepers. "
        Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑),passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.