Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as 1 to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or 2 at the lowest possible cost—much 3 one buys raw materials or equipment.
The lack of importance 4 to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second 5 command. The 6 of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who 7 it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to 8 to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). 9 , in Japan the head of human- resource management is central— usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's 10 .
As a 11 , problems 12 when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn 13 to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is 14 in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for 15 retraining 16 costs and creates bottlenecks that 17 the speed with 18 new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological 19 . And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population 20 the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
1.[A] necessary [B]acquired[C]central[D]understandable
2.[A] rented[B]dispensable[C]required[D] got
3.[A] like [B] that [C] as [D] while
4.[A] compared [B] attached [C] detached [D] entitled
5.[A] in [B] on [C] through [D] by
6.[A] responsibility [B] personality [C] importance [D] post
7.[A] supervises [B] holds [C] manages [D] brings
8.[A] pick up [B] start up [C] put up [D] move up
9.[A] Furthermore [B] Similarly [C] Although [D] However
10.[A] hierarchy [B] post [C] position [D] management
11.[A] matter [B] fact [C] result [D] case
12.[A] invent [B] emerge [C] perform [D] expose
13.[A] how [B] what [C] where [D] whom
14.[A] fewer [B] higher [C] littler [D] lower
15.[A] extensive [B] intensive [C] excessive [D] decisive
16.[A] produces [B] generates [C] manufactures [D] grows
17.[A] promote [B] limit [C] confine [D] accelerate
18.[A] which [B] that [C] where [D] whom
19.[A] innovation [B] recession [C] progression [D] adaptation
20.[A] raise [B] lift [C] affect [D] balance
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