2019年考研英语基础试题（6）_第3页

　　For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)

　　No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written __26__ the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.

　　Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer.

　　In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.

　　Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations.

　　Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.

　　Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.

　　At work, robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.

　　Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets.

　　Foreign travel will __35__; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.

　　Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.

　　26. [A] in

　　[B] of

　　[C] about

　　[D] for

　　27. [A] sense

　　[B] meaning

　　[C] detail

　　[D] implication

　　28. [A] for

　　[B] of

　　[C] on

　　[D] towards

　　29. [A] today

　　[B] nowadays

　　[C] present-day

　　[D] present

　　30. [A] near

　　[B] nearby

　　[C] nearly

　　[D] nearer

　　31. [A] noise

　　[B] sound

　　[C] tone

　　[D] tune

　　32. [A] to

　　[B] away

　　[C] off

　　[D] over

　　33. [A] than

　　[B] as

　　[C] when

　　[D] while

　　34. [A] usual

　　[B] popular

　　[C] daily

　　[D] regular

　　35. [A] add

　　[B] increase

　　[C] raise

　　[D] arise

　　Section IV: Error-detection and Correction

　　Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　EXAMPLE:

　　You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D]

　　ANSWER: [C] anything

　　36. Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them.

　　37. We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road.

　　38. John’s chance of being elected [A] chairman [B] of the committee is far [C] greater than Dick [D].

　　39. “We have won [A] a [B] great victory on [C] our enemy [D],” the captain said.

　　40. There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B], but which does not bring [C] a return in money [D] to the community.

　　41. The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance.

　　42. “I considered it [A] a honor [B] to be invited to address [C] the meeting of world-famous [D] scientists,” said Professor Leacock.

　　43. He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night.

　　44. The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet.

　　45. Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B], the nurses were not deceived [C] when [D] they came into the room.

　　Section V: Verb Forms

　　Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　EXAMPLE:

　　It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.

　　ANSWER: (should) be appointed

　　46. Buying clothes ________ (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.

　　47. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference on schedule.

　　48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct).

　　49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon.

　　50. I ________ (call) to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

　　51. If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat.

　　52. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.

　　53. The lecture ________ (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.

　　54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly.

　　55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy).

　　Section VI: Chinese-English Translation

　　Translate the following into English (15 points)

　　56. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

　　57. 尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。

　　58. 一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。

　　59. 只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。

　　60. 这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。

　　Section VII: English-Chinese Translation

　　Translate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)

　　People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

　　Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (61) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”

　　(62) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

　　Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

　　Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (64) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

　　Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (65) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (67) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (68) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

　　Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.