2018年考研《英语一》真题(完整版)_第3页

　　Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

　　Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

　　So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

　　26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on

　　[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

　　[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.

　　[C] the administrations ability to handle information.

　　[D] social media was a reliable source of news.

　　27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

　　[A] sharpen

　　[B] define

　　[C] boast

　　[D] share

　　28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people

　　[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

　　[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

　　[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.

　　[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

　　29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is

　　[A] readers outdated values.

　　[B] journalists’ biased reporting

　　[C] readers’ misinterpretation

　　[D] journalists’ made-up stories.

　　30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

　　[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

　　[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

　　[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.　　Text 3

　　Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

　　DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

　　The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.