2018年考研《英语一》真题(完整版)_第2页

　　The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

　　The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

　　Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

　　Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

　　21.Who will be most threatened by automation?

　　[A] Leading politicians.

　　[B]Low-wage laborers.

　　[C]Robot owners.

　　[D]Middle-class workers.

　　22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

　　[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

　　[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.

　　[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

　　[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided

　　23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on

　　[A] creative potential.

　　[B]job-hunting skills.

　　[C]individual needs.

　　[D]cooperative spirit.

　　24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at

　　[A] encouraging the development of automation.

　　[B]increasing the return on capital investment.

　　[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.

　　[D]preventing the income gap from widening.

　　25.In this text, the author presents a problem with

　　[A] opposing views on it.

　　[B]possible solutions to it.

　　[C]its alarming impacts.

　　[D]its major variations.　　Text 2

　　A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.

　　Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

　　Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.