2014年12月大学英语六级全真模拟冲刺（二套）_第4页

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

　　Question: My ninth-grade art teacher doesn't give any grade above 94% because, she says, "There's always room for improvement." In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%. The 94 I received this term does not reflect the hard work that I put into this course. Because of her "improvement" theory, I got a lower grade than I deserve. Is her grading philosophy ethical (符合职业道德规范的)?

　　Answer: Your teacher's grading system may be unwise, but it is not unethical. A teacher deserves wide latitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom; that is, after all, the prime function of grades. It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision. Assuming that your teacher is neither biased nor corrupt and that her system conforms to school rules, you can't fault her ethics.

　　You can criticize her methodology. A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement, only that a student successfully completed the course work. A ninth grader could get a well-earned 100 in English class but still have a way to go before she writes as well as Jane Austen. What's more, grades are not only an educational device but are also part of a screening system to help assign kids to their next class or program. By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at 100, your teacher could jeopardize a student's chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top college.

　　What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work. You diligence is worthy of encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment. If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt had dashed off "The Night Watch" in an afternoon, it would still be "The Night Watch."

　　I could spend months sweating over my own "paintings", but I'd produce something you wouldn't want to hang in your living room. Or your garage.

　　One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it generally regard it as fair and reasonable—not the case here. Simmering (难以平息的) resentment is seldom an aid to education.And so your next step should be to discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　47. The ninth-grader thought that his art teacher should have given him ______.

　　48. According to the answer, a teacher should have the freedom to ______ to encourage learning.

　　49. We learn from the answer that a student who gets a 100 should still work hard and keep ______.

　　50. The example of Rembrandt's painting suggests that a distinction should be made between ______.

　　51. The ninth-grader is advised to go to his teacher or the principal to ______.

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.

　　The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.

　　As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. "Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."

　　While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?

　　A) America is now the only developed country without the policy.

　　B) It has now become a hot topic in the United States.

　　C) It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.

　　D) Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.

　　53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?

　　A) The incompetence of the Democrats.

　　B) The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.

　　C) The lack of a precedent in American history.

　　D) The opposition from business circles.

　　54. What is Professor Anne Alstott's argument for parental support?

　　A) The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing.

　　B) Good parenting benefits society.

　　C) The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.

　　D) Children need continuous care.

　　55. What does the author think of America's large body of family laws governing children's welfare?

　　A) They fail to ensure children's healthy growth

　　B) The fail to provide enough support for parents

　　C) They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities.

　　D) They impose the care of children on parents.

　　56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?

　　A) It is regarded as a legal obligation. 　　B) It relies largely on social support.

　　C) It generates huge social benefits. 　　D) It is basically a social undertaking.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 57 to 62 are based on the following passage.

　　A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But there's no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?

　　The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. She's excited because, as she puts it, "I don't have to wait [until] 15 years from　 now" to make sense of the world.

　　Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary's University, credits this younger generation's political strength to their embrace of technology. "[The Internet] exposes them to more thinking," he says, "and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together." That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they've inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美国人). It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　57. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?

　　A) More young voters are going to the polls than before.

　　B) The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.

　　C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.

　　D) Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.

　　58. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?

　　A) How Obama is going to live up to young people's expectations.

　　B) Whether America is going to change during Obama's presidency.

　　C) Whether young people will continue to support Obama's policy.

　　D) How Obama's agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.

　　59. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?

　　A) Their own interpretation of American politics.

　　B) Policy changes to take place in Obama's administration.

　　C) Obama's presidency viewed from a global perspective.

　　D) Their lives in relation to Obama's presidency.

　　60. What accounts for the younger generation's political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?

　　A) Their embrace of radical ideas. 　　B) Their desire to change America.

　　C) Their utilization of the Internet. 　　D) Their strong sense of responsibility.

　　61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?

　　A) They are politically conservative. 　　B) They reject conventional values.

　　C) They dare to take up challenges. 　　D) They are indifferent to politics.

　　Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.

　　The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind __71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.

　　__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.

　　Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.

　　Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take __80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.

　　62. 　　A) findings B) theses C) hypotheses D) abstracts

　　63. 　　A) adapt B) attribute C) allocate D) alternate

　　64. 　　A) amongst B) along C) beside D) with

　　65. 　　A) glued B) related C) tracked D) appointed

　　66. 　　A) scraping B) denying C) depressing D) shrinking

　　67. 　　A) published B) simulated C) illuminated D) circulated

　　68. 　　A) at B) to C) for D) over

　　69. 　　A) fully B) simply C) seriously D) uniquely

　　70. 　　A) vital B) casual C) fatal D) subtle

　　71. 　　A) still B) already C) too D) yet

　　72. 　　A) benefits B) profits C) revenues D) awards

　　73. 　　A) outward B) apart C) aside D) outside

　　74. 　　A) Immunity B) Reaction C) Exposure D) Addiction

　　75. 　　A) much B) less C) more D) little

　　76. 　　A) installment B) expedition C) analysis D) option

　　77. 　　A) curiously B) negatively C) necessarily D) comfortably

　　78. 　　A) relieved B) delegated C) approved D) performed

　　79. 　　A) merely B) always C) mainly D) almost

　　80. 　　A) advantage B) exception C) measure D) charge

　　81. 　　A) elevated B) merciful C) contented D) grateful