2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案_第4页

　　四、阅读

　　选词填空

　　第一套

　　26 F Damage

　　27 B associated

　　28 M sources

　　29 D constant

　　30 G described

　　31 E control

　　32 H equals

　　33 K regularly

　　34 I exclusively

　　35 O vehicles

　　第二套

　　26. I remedies

　　27.D inconvenience (这里作动词：“使……不方便”)

　　28.H recommended

　　29.C hesitant

　　30.O worse

　　31. B experiences

　　32. J scared

　　33. M pressured

　　34. L sink

　　35. E lessen

　　第三套

　　26. I warning

　　27. B convenience

　　28. F particularly

　　29. L surveyed

　　30. C effectively

　　31. E intimate

　　32. J unfriendly

　　33. K specific

　　34. G primary

　　35. A avoid

　　(一)匹配阅读

　　第一套题

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patient show to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　第二套题

　　36. a research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.

　　37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.

　　38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.

　　39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.

　　40. The author’s research centers around how food gets contaminated.

　　41.Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy

　　42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor

　　43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor

　　44. Some trains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.

　　45. Researchers found how any bacteria got into the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor

　　第三套题

　　36. Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.(有争议)

　　37. Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most world.

　　38. Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.

　　39. Careme learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.

　　40. Careme's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.

　　41. Careme's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts extraordinary ingredient.

　　42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Care.

　　43. Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.

　　44. Careme's writing dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.

　　45. Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.

　　(二)仔细阅读

　　第一套

　　美国加州发明了新的钻井技术来获得地下水

　　46. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?

　　答案： B—by drawing water from the depths of the earth

　　47. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

　　答案：B-It was not considered worth the expense.

　　48. What is mentioned as consequence of extracting water from deep underground?

　　答案：A-The sinking of land surface

　　49. What does the author say about deep wells?

　　答案：D-They provide a steady supply of freshwater

　　50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?

　　答案：C- The cost may go up due to desalination.

　　第二篇 AI稚嫩是否可以在运转时符合人类的道德规范?

　　51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?

　　答案：D-Computers can become highly intelligence

　　52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

　　答案：C-They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

　　53. What is said to be the bigger challenges facing humans in the AI age?

　　答案：B-How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically

　　54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?

　　答案：A-She could not distinguish good from bad.

　　55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

　　答案：D-It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

　　第二套

　　46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?

　　C - They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.

　　47. What may account for the cats' response to the noise from the containers?

　　D - Their mastery of cause and effect(有争议)

　　48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?

　　B - They rely mainly on their hearing.

　　49. In what way do babies behave like cats?

　　A - They focus on what appears odd.

　　50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?

　　B - They interact with the physical world much like humans.

　　51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driveress cars?

　　A - People would be driving in a more civilized way.

　　52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?

　　A - They could enjoy greater mobility

　　53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?

　　D - Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.

　　54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?

　　B - Retaining of employees.

　　55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?

　　C - Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.

　　第三套

　　46. For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?

　　A - The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy

　　47. What does Lizzie Post say is new territory?

　　D - Etiquette around home security cameras.

　　48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?

　　C - Likes and dislikes of individuals.

　　49. What is a host's responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?

　　A - Making their guests feel at ease.

　　50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?

　　B - It can prove their innocence.

　　51. Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?

　　C - to satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.

　　52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?

　　D - Keep on improving its products.

　　53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products. according to Indra Nooyi?

　　A - To ensure the company's future development

　　54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?

　　C - it is attributable to people's changed lifestyles.

　　55. What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?

　　B - Increasing its research funding

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

　　[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

　　[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

　　[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.