2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案_第11页

Passage Three
　　篇章结构
　　此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。
　　词汇点拨
　　challenging a. 挑战性的;logical a. 合理的;manually ad. 手动地;identify v. 认同;tedious a. 单调的，沉闷的
　　话题词汇
　　arbitrarily ad. 专横地
　　mechanical a. 机械的
　　robotics n. 机器人学
　　by definition 当然
　　job security 职业安全感
　　labor relations 劳资关系
　　难句解析
　　1. It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.
　　【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式to suppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，one expert 与Frederick Herzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。
　　2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.
　　【解析】本句主句为there be 句型，常见的短语with the development of作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring， repetitive 和 mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilled people
试题详解
　　32. A) Job security. A) 职业安全感。
　　B) Good labor relations. B) 愉快的劳资关系。
　　C) Challenging work. C) 挑战性的工作。
　　D) Attractive wages and benefits. D) 有吸引力的工资和利益。
　　【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。
　　【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，连接词in contrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。
　　【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。
　　33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. A) 许多单调工作继续由手工做。
　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. B) 越来越多的非技术工人将失业。
　　C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. C) 电脑将改变很多工作性质。
　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. D) 无聊的工作将变得快乐。
　　【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。
　　【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。
　　34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A) 提供给他们晋升机会。
　　B) Improve their working conditions. B) 改善他们的工作条件。
　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other. C) 鼓励他们相互竞争。
　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. D) 给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。
　　【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。
　　【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。
　　35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. A) 他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。
　　B) They concern a small number of people only. B) 他们与少数人相关。
　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. C) 是管理人员随意制定的。
　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. D) 他们超出了普通工人的控制。
　　【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。
　　【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。
　　原文及译文
　　It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.
　　32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
　　33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
　　34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?
　　35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
　　认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢? 一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。
　　32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工?
　　33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点?
　　34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施?
　　35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工?