2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案_第10页

Passage Two
　　篇章结构
　　本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。
　　词汇点拨
　　suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑战
　　话题词汇
　　context n. 上下文
　　physician n. 内科医生
　　recover v. 恢复
　　stability n. 稳定性
　　act out 表演出来
　　emergency room 急诊室
　　oral communication 口头交际
　　tailored to 定制的
　　难句解析
　　1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
　　【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
　　2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.
　　【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，省略连接词that。
试题详解
　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。
　　B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。
　　C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 谁在家照顾孩子。
　　D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。
　　【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。
　　【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。
　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。
　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。
　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。
　　D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她让他们复述要做的事。
　　【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
　　【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，
　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。
　　B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含许多语法错误。
　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。
　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人际交往。
　　【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。
　　【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。
　　原文及译文
　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
　　Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
　　29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
　　30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
　　乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。
　　如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。
　　29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?
　　30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?
　　31. 说话者如何评述人类口语?