2011年12月大学英语四级语法精讲（1）

一、谓语动词常考点：
时态、语态、情态、倒装、主谓一致
二、谓语动词的时态（共有16 种）：
    时间：过去、现在、将来、过将（虚拟）
    状态：一般、进行、完成、完成进行
三、四级考试中主要考的三个时态：
过去完成时、将来完成时、完成进行时
1、过去完成时：到过去某个点为止所完成的动作；在过去发生了两个动作，先过去完成时后一般过去时。
过去完成时与一般过去时常常成对出现。
[P2-53]We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A) just have had   B) have just had   C) just had   D) had just had
[P28-25]Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
A) would be  B) has been   C) had been    D) would have been
注：时态题，A和D是虚拟语气，应排除。过去完成时所以选C。考试用书
A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
A) had come       B) coming   C) come      D) that came
注：1. because 从句缺谓语
   2. 两个逗号中间的found on his clothes 是插入成分
William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.  A) peculiarly   B) indifferently     C) vigorously           D) inevitably
注：1. peculiarly 奇怪地     2. indifferently 冷漠地   3. inevitably 不可避免地
Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up  wonderful _______ in the marker.  A) batteries     B) bargains     C) baskets         D) barrels
[P56-23]Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground.
A) had he arrived   B) would he have arrived   C) did he arrive     D) should he have arrived
注：Not until 连词，标明从句。主句倒装，从句不倒装。
       Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition.
       Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English.
       Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy.