大学英语四级考试：阅读笔记（19）

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
　　31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
　　A) a technical failure
　　B) a technical wonder
　　C) a good life saver
　　D) an effective means to treat heart disease
　　32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________.
　　A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
　　B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
　　C) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
　　D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
　　33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
　　A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
　　B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
　　C) to be equipped with an external power source
　　D) to create a new passage for infection
　　34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _________.
　　A) doctors who treat heart diseases
　　B) makers of artificial hearts
　　C) America's health-care programs
　　D) new models of artificial hearts
　　注：指代题
　　35. Some people feel that _________.
　　A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
　　B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
　　C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
　　D) America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
　　Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark - alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump - convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
　　注：1.cheer 欢呼、喝彩
　　2.convince 使……相信
　　3.monitor 监视
　　4.review 回顾
　　5.the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 美国食物药品管理局简写FDA
　　●成果型文章：
　　1.文章中只有一个成果，作者正评价
　　2.文中出现新、老两个成果，新成果正评，老成果负评，抓住正负评价原因
　　3.抓住新老成果各自技术特点
　　The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection (感染). Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work - and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.
　　注：1.recall 取消，re 有“向后”含义
　　2.看到Symbion Inc.就把32题标在这里；看到new devices就把33题标在这里。
　　3.external 外部的，passage 通道
　　4.work 可行、有效，they 指代前文 the first sample product
　　5.providing 引导现在分词做状语
　　指代题做法：1.将代词所在句代词之前部分的名词以及代词之前句子的名词划出
　　2.根据单复数缩小范围
　　3.注意结合动词判断所指代为人、事或物
　　34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _________.
　　A) doctors who treat heart diseases
　　B) makers of artificial hearts
　　C) America's health-care programs
　　D) new models of artificial hearts
　　注：指代题，按照指代题的作法解题
　　31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
　　A) a technical failure
　　B) a technical wonder
　　C) a good life saver
　　D) an effective means to treat heart disease
　　注：对老成果负评价
　　32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________.
　　A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
　　B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
　　C) may continue to work on new models of reliable
　　artificial hearts
　　D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
　　注：屡败屡战。A 选项为泛指而文章为特指；B 选项为窜段选项，另外选项中的 artificial hearts 扩大了文章中的指代范围。
　　二段首句：The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart.
　　33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
　　A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
　　B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
　　C) to be equipped with an external power source
　　D) to create a new passage for infection
　　注：第二段考新成果的技术特点
　　35. Some people feel that _________.
　　A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
　　B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
　　C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
　　D) America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
　　注：定位第二段 But some people are already worrying ...
　　The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection (感染). Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work - and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.