大学英语四级考试：阅读笔记（18）

　●文章标题题型：
　　1.文章主题词必须在选项中出现
　　2.选项范围恰如其分，不可过大，亦不可过于细节
　　范围过大：选项本身范围过大；选项缺少文章中的限定词
　　范围过细：只出现某一段中心事物的选项
　　3.直接从文章首句或某句话摘抄词语编成的选项为干扰
　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
　　51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _________.
　　A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
　　B) behave appropriately in relation to other people
　　C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
　　D) make friends with other people
　　注：status 身份地位
　　52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _________.
　　A) in order to identify themselves with others
　　B) in order to better identify others
　　C) as their mental processes change
　　D) as the situation changes
　　注：assume 承担，采取 assuming 在句首相当于 if
　　53. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means "___________".
　　A) involvement
　　B) appreciation
　　C) assessment
　　D) presentation
　　注：词汇题
　　54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "_________".
　　A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
　　B) identification of other people's statuses
　　C) selecting one's own statuses
　　D) constant mental process
　　55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince"(Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _________.
　　A) different people have different styles of clothes
　　B) ready-made clothes may need alterations
　　C) statuses come ready made just like clothes
　　D) our choice of statuses is limited
　　Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
　　注：1.首句主题句
　　2.fit 加了引号，意义有所改变
　　3.property 财产，尤指房产
　　The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
　　注：1.I am nobody 我是无名之辈；somebody 大人物；I am small / big potato 我是小/大人物；
　　2.this means 解释上一句，所以这句与上一句难句意思应该接近
　　3.mental process 思维过程
　　4.effortlessly 毫不费力的
　　52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _________.
　　A) in order to identify themselves with others
　　B) in order to better identify others
　　C) as their mental processes change
　　D) as the situation changes
　　注：different 对应第第二段中的 various，该题应为第二段第一句改写
　　53. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means "___________".
　　A) involvement
　　B) appreciation
　　C) assessment
　　D) presentation
　　注：词汇题。一种心理活动，A 涉及，B 感激，C 评价，D 成交，故排除非心理活动A项和D项，采用代入法可排除B项
　　54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "_________".
　　A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
　　B) identification of other people's statuses
　　C) selecting one's own statuses
　　D) constant mental process
　　注：指代题。二段末句中的前半句中的 the task,而task又指代的是前边一句中提到的内容
　　A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statues too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
　　注：1.四级文章比喻、类比相当于举例。举例常为细节，服务于结论，速读
　　2.rack 衣架
　　3.本段首句和末句之外都是举例部分
　　55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince"(Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _________.
　　A) different people have different styles of clothes
　　B) ready-made clothes may need alterations
　　C) statuses come ready made just like clothes
　　D) our choice of statuses is limited
　　注：1.文章最后一句
　　2.考举例一定不是考举的例子本身，一定是考从中抽象出来的大结论。
　　51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _________.
　　A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
　　B) behave appropriately in relation to other people
　　C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
　　D) make friends with other people
　　注：1.重点第一句和第二句，第一句话说明身份地位的
　　功能：使我们对他人的言谈举止恰如其分
　　2.首句中的get along with是指与某人相处，get well along with 和睦相处
　　3.A项中的fit 与文中的fit意思不同
　　Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.