2016年英语四级考试模考强化实战训练题八_第3页

　　Passage One

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　There are more than 2,000 different kinds of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes bite people to drink their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink fluids from plants. The female mosquito uses its thin sucking tube to break the skin, find blood and inject the victim with a substance that keeps blood flowing.

　　The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses it to produce as many as 250 eggs. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.

　　The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae (幼虫) in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years until conditions are right for development. The

　　organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away. The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world. The most important disease spread by mosquitoes is malaria (疟疾). The WHO says 247 million people became infected with malaria in 2006. Malaria caused almost one million deaths, mostly among children in Africa.

　　found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.

　　Malaria parasites (寄生虫) enter a person’s blood through a mosquito bite. These organisms travel to the liver. They grow and divide there. After a week or two, the parasites invade red blood cells and reproduce thousands of times. They cause the person’s body temperature to rise. They also may destroy major organs. People with malaria may suffer kidney failure or loss of red blood cells.

　　Some medicines are generally effective in preventing and treating malaria. They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body. People die from malaria because they are not treated for the disease or the treatment is delayed.

　　21. According to the passage,

　　that _________.

　　A) female mosquitoes don’t bite animals

　　B) female mosquitoes bite people for a substance that keeps blood flowing

　　C) malaria is found everywhere in the world

　　D) countries in Europe and North America have low malaria death rate

　　22. What is the right order in which mosquitoes grow?

　　a. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.

　　b. The larvae change into creatures called pupas.

　　c. The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.

　　d. The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae.

　　A) c, a, b, d B) d, c, b, a C) c, d, b, a D) d, b, c, a

　　23. According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.

　　A) are the food for larvae

　　B) have led to the death of millions of people in the world

　　C) invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organs

　　D) can enter a person’s brain through the mosquito’s bite

　　24. According to the passage, malaria medicines are generally designed to _______.

　　A) keep people’s body temperature at a normal level

　　B) prevent parasites from entering people’s skins

　　C) stop parasites from growing inside the body

　　D) stop parasites from invading red blood cells

　　25. What is the passage mainly talking about?

　　A) The growing process of mosquitoes and the diseases spread by them.

　　B) The medicines used in preventing and treating malaria.

　　C) The kinds of mosquitoes in the world today.

　　D) The larvae of mosquitoes feed on organisms in the water.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.

　　Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.

　　This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”

　　But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”

　　26. The best title for this passage would be ________.

　　A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot Spots

　　C) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots

　　27. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s land surface with _____________.

　　A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spots

　　C) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots

　　28. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.

　　A) hot spots are always as important as cold spots

　　B) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spots

　　C) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spots

　　D) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning

　　29. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.

　　A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinction

　　B) conservation efforts should not center on hot spots

　　C) governments should invest most in cold spots

　　D) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past

　　30. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?

　　A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.

　　答案解析:

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　21. D)。参见文章第四段“

　　found in more than one hundred countries in Africa, Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the Middle East and Central and South America.”可知，在世界上100多个国家已经发现疟疾这种疾病，如在非洲、亚洲、太平洋西海岸、中东、中美洲和南美洲。

　　一句话“The World Health Organization (WHO) says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world.”得知，疟疾这种疾病能够造成数百万人死亡，所以可以推测出在上述地区由于疟疾而产生的死亡率很高。因此，选择D)选项，疟疾在欧洲和北美洲有较低的死亡率。 22. C)。本题是考查读者对于文章的具体理解，即蚊子的成长先后顺序。由第二段“The insect leaves the eggs in any standing water.”可知，蚊子首先将卵排在静止的水中，即c;由第三段“The eggs produce worm-like creatures called larvae in two days to a few months.”可知，两天或几个月

　　蠕虫状的幼虫，即d;由第三段“After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures called pupas.”可知，四到十天后，幼虫改变形态，变成蛹，即b;由第三段最后一句话“Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas and fly away.”可知，蚊子长成后破茧而出，即a。所以，C)是正确选项。

　　23. B)。参见文章第四段“The World Health Organization says mosquitoes carry organisms that cause disease and death for millions of people throughout the world.”可知，世界卫生组织称蚊子携带的生物体可以引发疾病，并导致世界上数百万人死亡，所以选择B)。A)、C)、D)三项与原文不符。

　　24. C)。参见第六段“They are designed to prevent the parasites from developing in the body.”可知，药物的研制是为了阻止体内寄生虫的生长发育，故选C)。其余三项与原文不符。

　　25. A)。文章前三段是在讲蚊子

　　面几段主要讲由蚊子传播的疾病，主要是疟疾，所以A)是正确答案，B)、C)、D)三项的内容虽然在文章中有所提及，但不是主要内容。

　　Passage Two

　　26. A)。文章主旨题。本文讲的是是否应该保护占地球陆地面积很少但物种却极其丰富的“热点”地区，故正确答案为A);选项B)意为“热点”地区介绍，而本文不是一篇介绍性文章;选项C)意为比较“热点”地区和“冷点”地区，脱离文章内容;选项D)意为怎样投资“热点”地区，虽然文中提到了给“热点”地区投资的建议，但不能概括整篇文章的内容。

　　27. C)。事实细节题。第一段提到“cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity”;第二段又提到“nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups”，结合这两句话，可以得出C)为答案，即：热点地区占地球陆地面积很少但物种极其多样化，只是没有许多“冷点”地区的珍稀物种和重要动物群。

　　28. B)。事实细节题。问的是“热点”批评家所持的观点。发表在《美国科学家》上的文章指出“要求将保护基金转向物种繁多的‘热点’地区，是一个不高明的投资建议”，故正确答案为B)。选项A)意为“热点”地区和“冷点”地区总是同等重要的，在第二段提到：“热点”的概念在某些生态系统中也许不是一个重要因素。选项C)意为各国政府应该选择投资热点的最佳时机，在文章中没有涉及。选项D)意为“热点”地区的提议从一开始就是一个误导性的策略，第三段最后一句提到这是一个“thoroughly”误导性的策略，而不是从一开始就是误导性的策略。

　　29. A)。事实细节题。问的是Dr. Norman Myers的观点。第二段和最后一段都提到了他的观点，即应该保护和投资“热点”地区以避免珍稀动物灭绝，但他同时认为不应单单投资“热点”地区，故正确答案为A)。选项B)意为保护工作不应该以“热点”地区为中心，不是他的观点。选项C)意为政府应该多投资于“冷点”地区，这与投资“热点”地区的观点不一致。选项D)意为如今的“热点”地区提议没有刚提出来时效果好，这是批评家们的观点。

　　30. B)。态度题，问的是作者对“热点”提议的态度。作者只是客观地介绍了两种对待“热点”提议的不同态度，而作者本人在文章中并没有对此表态，所以作者的态度是中立的。