2011上海口译考试：高级口译笔试(全真试题+答案)完整版_第3页

　　(30 minutes)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.

　　At issue is “birthright citizenship”—provided for since the Constitution’s 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.”

　　Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.

　　“Most Americans feel it doesn’t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,” said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they’ll claim you’re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn’t want to deal with that.”

　　SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST

　　(30 minutes)

　　Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling

　　Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points” so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.

　　The doctor-patient relationship is one of the ___________ (1) relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond ___________ (2). Can this relationship be saved? The answer is ___________ (3) yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is ___________ (4). In part the crisis in medicine began with doctors ___________ (5) themselves from patients.

　　The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human ___________ (6). ___________ (7) is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that ___________ (8) of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another ___________ (9) comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple ___________ (10) tests, and 5% comes from all the complex ___________ (11). So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a ___________ (12).

　　But some doctors think listening is ___________ (13). They like to use complex and costly ___________ (14), and use ___________ (15) that create adverse reactions and require ___________ (16). They don’t like to listen. Because there’s no premium on listening and that there’s no ___________ (17) for listening.

　　Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not ___________ (18) saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with ___________ (19). If you don’t care for a ___________ (20), be somebody else, but don’t be a doctor!

　　Part B: Listening and Translation

　　1. Sentence Translation

　　Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　(3)

　　(4)

　　(5)

　　2. Passage Translation

　　Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

　　(1)

　　(2)

　　SECTION 5: READING TEST

　　(30 minutes)

　　Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　Questions 1—3

　　In the 5,000 years since Ancient Egyptians experimented with scented plants, aromatherapy has been credited with a plethora of powers. Today it is a multimillion-pound industry, recognized as effective by three quarters of the adult population and hailed as a cure for problems from nicotine addiction to baldness.

　　But aromatherapy could be little more than an illusion, psychologists argue. Neil Martin, from Middlesex University, a specialist in the psychology of olfaction, has a less polite word for it: “bunkum”. Dr Martin enlisted 60 volunteers and subjected them all to experimentally induced pain by getting them to plunge their forearms into ice-cold water for 15 minutes. A third of participants were exposed to a pleasant lemon odour, a third to the odour of machine oil and the rest were in an odourless room. They were asked to rate the amount of pain they felt on a scale of 0 (painless) to 11 (unbearable) every five minutes.

　　At the first time of asking, those exposed to an odour reported significantly higher pain levels, with a score of 8 for both groups, than the control group, which had an average of 6. After 15 minutes the pain level of the no-odour group had fallen to 5. Among the lemon-odour group it had fallen to 6½, while for the machine oil group it remained at 8.

　　Dr Martin said his findings showed not merely that aromatherapy had no effect but that it could be positively harmful. “Aromatherapy appears to be counter-productive. Most claims by aroma therapists have no basis in science,” he said. “The effect it has on real hard illnesses are non-existent. It is a waste of time and money. Exposure to both odours increased the pain. It could be that the odours had a stimulant effect and drew attention to the pain because it made the experience of being in the room with the bucket of water more noticeable.”

　　He accepted, however, that aromatherapy may have a powerful placebo effect. “People going to aromatherapy have a mental problem or a physical disorder that they want to have treated and the belief that they want to get better can overcome the inefficacy of the treatment,” he said. He added that previous research into aromatherapy had been largely inconclusive.

　　Dr Martin’s research, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Cardiff, comes after the release of a study last week claiming that spinal manipulation, another popular form of complementary medicine, did not work and could make matters worse.

　　Both papers are highly contentious. The British public now spends more than £24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils, and 75 per cent of the population believe that the treatment works.