翻译考试经验：怎样处理主谓搭配

翻译考试经验：怎样处理主谓搭配

怎样处理主谓搭配？

　　有时如果译文照搬原文的主谓搭配会感到很别扭，这就是需要变动一下主语。一种常见的办法是到主语部分中的定语里找一个词来作主语，后面的谓语可能好安排一点。

　　例6．我国经济发展分三步走，本世纪走两步，达到温饱和小康，下个世纪用三十年到五十年时间再走一步，达到中等发达国家的水平。

　　China is developing its economy in three steps. Two steps will be taken in this century, to reach the point where our people have adequate food and clothing and lead a fairly comfortable life. The third step, which will take us 30 to 50 years into the next century, is to reach the level of the moderately developed countries.

　　例7．我国的经济发展，总要力争隔几年上一个台阶。

　　In developing the economy, we should strive to reach a higher level every few years.

　　例8． 同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。

　　In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 coastal cities.中 华 考 试 网

　　例9．改革开放以来，我们立的章程并不少，而且是全方位的。经济、政治、科技、教育、文化、军事、外交等各个方面都有明确的方针和政策，而且有准确的表述语言。

　　Sine we introduced the reform and the open policy, we have drawn up many rules and regulations covering all fields of endeavor. Clear-cut guidelines and policies concerning economic and political affairs, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs have been worked out and expressed in precise terms.

　　这四个例子，原文的主语分别是“我国经济发展”、“我国的经济发展”、“我们的对外开放”和“我们立的章程”。译文若保持原文的主语，后面的谓语就很难安排。现在译文用China和we作主语，例9的第二句把宾语变为主语，这样后面的谓语就好安排了。看来，把主语部分中的定语拿出来作主语，不失为一个好办法。

　　另一个办法是根据上下文来确定或引入一个词语作主语，以与后面的谓语形成较好的搭配，使句子读起来顺畅。

　　例10．改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资”还是姓“社”的问题。

　　The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare not break new ground is, in essence, that they’re afraid it would mean introducing too many elements of capitalism and, indeed, taking the capitalist road. The crux of the matter is whether the road is capitalist or socialist.