2014年5月翻译资格英语三级笔译实务真题及答案
【Section 1】 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.
Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.
The New York Times
Mineral deposits may offer job opportunities for Narsaq.
As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.
“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”
But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.
Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.
One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals — essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.
This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.
“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominent labor union leader.
But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insular settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity — the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?
“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”
The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.
Already, winter pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding families, is becoming hazardous or impossible.
It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.
But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.
Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.
“For me, I wouldn’t mind if the whole ice cap disappears,” said Ole Christiansen, the chief executive of NunamMinerals, Greenland’s largest homegrown mining company, as he picked his way along a proposed gold mining site up the fjord from Nuuk, Greenland’s capital. “As it melts, we’re seeing new places with very attractive geology.”
The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T. Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s mining bureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”
The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.
Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.
“This is huge; we could be mining this for the next 100 years,” said Eric Sondergaard, a geologist with the Australian-owned company Greenland Minerals and Energy, who was on the outskirts of Narsaq one day recently, picking at rocks on a moon-like plateau rich with an estimated 10.5 million tons of rare earth ore.
That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.
“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.
Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,” he said.
But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenland, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”
【参考译文】
那萨克，格陵兰岛—伴随着皮艇港的冰山在融化的过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏僻的北极小镇以及它的文化也由于气候变化正在消失。
由于虾蟹都逃往北部更寒冷的地区，那萨克最大的雇佣者，一家虾厂几年前倒闭了。这里曾经有八艘商业部渔船，现在只剩下一艘了。
纽约时报
矿藏可能会为那萨克当地居人提供就业机会。
因此，作为格陵兰岛南部的主要城镇之一，这里的人口在短短十年间锐减一半，仅有1500人了。自杀率也正在上升。
“捕鱼业是这个小镇的支柱产业，”63岁的渔民汉斯·卡斯佩森说，“很多人失去了生计。”
但是，虽然逐渐升高的气温正在颠覆格陵兰岛传统的生活，气温升更也为这个只有5.7万人的国家提供了有趣的新机遇—这种机遇可能在那萨克有为明显。
由于格陵兰岛广袤的冰盖逐渐消融，人们发现了大量的新矿藏和宝石，这为潜在利润巨大的采矿业奠定基础。
全球最大的稀土金属矿藏之一就位于那萨克城外部不远处，稀土金属是生产手机，风力漩涡机以及电动汽车必不可少的原料。
这对于格陵兰岛来说具有深远意义。长时间以来，格陵兰岛一直依赖其母国丹麦每年拨付的5亿美元维持运行。采矿业所得的利润能够帮助格陵兰岛在经济上自给自足，从而使它成为第一个因气候变暖而成立的主权国家。
知名工会领袖维图斯·奎奥基茨克说：“我们的目标之一就是取得独立。”
然而，要把一个由个体渔民和猎人组成的社会转变成一个以企业采矿业为支柱的经济体，也引发了一些难题。格陵兰岛上与世隔绝的定居点如何承受计划招来的数千名的波兰或者中国的建筑工人?采矿业会不会破坏格陵兰岛国家形象—鲸、海豹、寂静的冰川海湾，以及神秘的北极熊所必不可缺的自然环境?渔民能够把自身重塑成矿工么?
“我认为采矿业将是我们的未来希望所在，但这是一个艰难的过程，”格陵兰住房与基础设施部长、副总理真斯·B·佛雷德利克森说，“这并不是一个人人都赞成的计划。这将涉及到传统，驾船的自由以及家庭职业。”
北极的变暖速度比地球上其他任何地方都要快，而迅速融化的冰川引起了科学家对于海平面上升的警觉。过去的十五年中，格陵兰岛东北部年均增长温度已经达到了4.5度，科学家预言，到本世纪末，这的地区气温将升高14到21度。
在许多地区，冬天覆盖在峡湾的浮冰已经无法承载拉雪橇的狗以及摩托雪橇了。冬季捕鱼是为很多家庭提供食物的重要手段，现在却变得很危险，甚至不可能了。
格陵兰岛地下蕴藏着巨大的矿藏这一点久为人知。几十年来，丹麦政府已经断断续续地绘制了这些矿藏的分布图。参与过曼哈顿计划的丹麦核物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主尼尔斯·玻尔曾在1957年造访纳萨克，原因是这里有铀矿藏。
但是之前采矿的尝试大都失败了，这证明在严酷的环境下采矿，成本高昂。现在，气候变暖改变了这一状况。
负责对开发热潮进行管理的格陵兰岛矿产与石油管理局目前发放的有效矿产勘探证有150份，而十年前仅有20份。去年，各企业对矿藏开发的投资共计1亿美元，有几家公司正在申请对新矿藏开发建设的许可证，这些新矿蕴藏着金、铁、锌和稀土。也有一些外国公司在勘探近海石油。
“就我个人而言，我不介意整个冰盖消失，”格陵兰岛最大的本地采矿公司NunamMinerals的首席执行官奥勒·克里斯蒂安森说，他正从格陵兰岛的首都努克沿着峡湾前往一处潜在的金矿开采地。“随着冰盖融化，我们将看到地貌特征更引人入胜的新地形。
在格陵兰矿务局负责许可证发放的官员约尔根·T·哈梅肯-霍尔姆表示，1990年倒闭的黑天使铅锌矿正申请今年重新开矿。她说：“因为冰川正在消退，可以开矿的地方更多了。”
格陵兰岛政府希望采矿能够带来新的税收。2009年，丹麦允许格陵兰实行自治，并且冻结了它每年的补助。根据安排，在未来几年，补助金额将进一步减少。
在那萨克当地，一片房屋涂着鲜亮的颜色，不远处就是壮观的下完，两家外国公司正向格陵兰政府申请采矿。
澳大利亚所有的格陵兰矿产和能源公司的地质学家埃里克·桑德高前不久说，““这里矿藏巨大，我们在未来100年里都会在这里采矿。当时，他正在纳萨克郊外一个月亮型的高原上反复检查岩石，这个高原估计蕴藏1050万吨稀土矿。
由于临近矿藏，采矿业的发展为这里提供了及业绩换，公司已经开始教一些年轻人钻孔和英语了，英语是采矿作业使用的国际语言。他计划建造一座加工厂和一座新港口，还打算多修些公路。(目前格陵兰岛居民点之外还没有公路)。那萨卡的小型机场之前由于交通量不足而濒临倒闭，如今将要扩建。一个当地的房东正盘算着把一处闲置的公寓楼改造成旅馆。
在丹麦的一所大学中读书的学生杰斯珀·斯科罗德家在那萨克，他说：“会有很多外地人来，由于格陵兰文化一直以来都是孤立的，这将是一个很大的挑战。
他依旧支持开矿，希望这能够提供工作机会，遏止草率的自杀，尤其是他的同龄人的自杀;格陵兰是世界上自杀率最高的地区之一。他说，“生活在这种文化的人如果不能够为家里做出贡献，就不愿意成为家庭的负担。”
然而，并不是所有人都想想采矿能够带来好处。在当地经营一个家庭旅馆的罗特娅·罗德高说，“当然，采矿业有助于本地经济，会帮助整个格陵兰，但我不确定它是否对我们有利。我们担心的是自然环境的损失。
