2015英语翻译高级英语句子笔译：名词性从句的翻译

　　第三部分：名词性从句的翻译

　　英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类。这些从句或是在句子中做主语，或是作宾语、表语、同位语，在句子中的作用相当于名词，因此我们习惯是将它们叫做名词性从句。

　　名词性从句的翻译相对较为容易，一般按原文的语序处理即可。

　　一、主语从句的翻译

　　1.翻译由what，whatever，whoever等引起的主语从句，可保持原词序不变。

　　·What he told me was only half-truth.

　　他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。

　　·Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.

　　他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。

　　·Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome.

　　什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都欢迎。

　　2. 翻译以“it”为形式主语、形式宾语的主语从句、宾语从句时，语序往往需要颠倒。

　　·It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.

　　他参不参加会议都没多大关系。

　　·It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.

　　驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想像的事。

　　·It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

　　真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

　　·It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June.

　　据传闻，这次会议将在六月举行。

　　二、宾语从句的翻译

　　翻译宾语从句一般可按原词序进行，有时也可放在主句前。

　　·I understand that he is well qualified，but I feel that he needs more experience.

　　我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。

　　·I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.

　　我理所当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。

　　·I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.

　　能被选中参加会议，我感到十分荣幸。

　　·We have no definite information yet as to which route he will

　　take.

　　关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。

　　三、表语从句的翻译

　　表语从句的翻译可一成不变地按原文的次序进行。

　　·This is where the shoe pinches.

　　这就是问题的症结所在了。

　　·Things are not always as they seem to be.

　　事物并不总是如其表象。

　　·His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.

　　他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

　　四、同位语从句

　　英语同位语从句的翻译可以按照四种方法来处理：

　　1. 保持原来的语序

　　·He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.

　　他表示希望能再来中国访问。

　　·We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

　　我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

　　·She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.

　　她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。

　　2.译为类似定语的结构或独成一句

　　·Yet，from the beginning，the fact that I was alive was alive was ignored.

　　然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。

　　·They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.

　　对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。

　　·It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.

　　迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。

　　3. 加人冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译

　　·But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.

　　但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。

　　·And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.

　　而且总有这种可能性——一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。

　　·The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things.

　　地球引力把一切东西都吸引向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。

　　·Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics.

　　不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。

　　4. 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出

　　·An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky lab should be sent back. ·

　　已下命令，要求将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。

　　·Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.

　　即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。

　　·However，the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur.

　　但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。

　　EXERCISES

　　I. SENTENCE TRANSLATION

　　1. What has happened is no surprise to us. We all know well enough what he is.

　　2.Whatever he says is reliable.

　　3.It’s a bit fishy that he should have given away a mattress like that.

　　4.It was in vain that old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton.

　　5.The fact is that the old lady believed Rebecca to be the meekest creature in the world.

　　6.That is why the machine parts wear away during use.

　　7.I am sorry I wrote that I might quit school.

　　8.I want to make it clear whether he was a foreigner or not.

　　9.We know the fact that bodies possess weight.

　　10.The meeting was to take place at a hotel, the Park Hotel on Nanjing Road.

　　答案II. SENTENCE TRANSLATION

　　1.近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。

　　2.它有助于说明，为什么发源于中国的许多发明，只是在西欧人手中才得到全而发展和充分利用。

　　3.毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。

　　4.成吉思汗的孙子旭烈兀所取得的伟大胜利，助长了这个希望，旭烈兀是个佛教徒，而他的妻子是基督教徒。

　　5.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的。在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

　　6.这种谬误在历史传统派和历史社科派中都存在。前者认为，历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各史料来源的评论;而后者则认为，历史的研究就是具体方法的研究。

　　7.附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多益处。

　　8.如果要从智力方而进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。

　　9.基辛格和他的一小组随从参观了故宫，从前的中国皇帝曾在故宫里过着奢华显赫的生活。

　　10.中国人民实现四化的时间一定会到来。