2015英语翻译高级英语句子笔译：状语从句的翻译

　　第二部分：状语从句的翻译

　　一、英语中单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时，与汉语相似，常放在被修饰词语的前面。

　　例如：

　　·The girl is remarkably beautiful.

　　这个女孩非常美丽。

　　·The girl id improving remarkably fast.

　　这位姑娘进步得很快。

　　英语单词状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而汉语则通常放在动词之前。

　　例如：

　　·Modern science and technology are developing rapidly.

　　现代科学技术正在迅速发展。

　　·I have never heard such nonsense in my life.

　　我这辈子从没听过这种废话。

　　总的来说，英语由单词构成的状语常常根据需要放在句首，形容词和其他状语，谓语动词之前，助动词和谓语动词之间或句末。较长的状语一般放在句首或句尾，放在中间的较少。汉语的状语在习惯上通常放在主语之后，谓语之前，比较固定。如果出现一连串包括时间，地点和方式的状语，英语的语序是：方式，地点，时间;汉语的语序则为：时间，地点，方式。此外若一个句子里出现两个以上的时间或地点状语时，英语通常是按照从小到大的顺序排列，而汉语的顺序是反过来，是按从大到小的顺序排列。

　　例如：

　　·He kept writing letters feverishly in his study all afternoon. 整个下午他在书房里兴奋地写信。

　　·The news briefing was held in Room 301 at about nine o’clock yesterday morning.

　　新闻发布会是昨天上午大约九点在301会议室召开的。

　　英语句子中如果有两个较长状语时，常常将他们分别放在句首和句尾，或分别放在句首和主语之后，以保持句子的平衡;汉语则把他们一起放在句中。

　　例如：

　　·Established in April 1960, the China Ocean Shipping Corporation has, in the past 28 years through arduous efforts, with the support from the state, expanded its shipping business and increased its number of ships.

　　中国远洋运输公司成立于1960年4月，至今已有28年的历史。28年来，在国家的大力支持下，经过不懈的努力，公司业务和船舶数量迅速地增加。

　　二、状语从句的翻译方法：

　　对时间状语从句有几种翻译方法：译成相应的时间状语;译成并列分句。

　　例如：

　　·When you come next time, bring your sister.

　　下次来的时候把你妹妹带上。

　　·We were about to leave, when it rained.

　　我们刚要离去，天就下起雨来。

　　英语的地点状语从句常常译成汉语的条件状语。

　　·The materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not high.

　　如果零件价值不高，使用这些材料是再好不过的了。

　　·Anywhere she goes, he goes too.

　　不论她去哪儿，他也去哪儿。

　　对原因状语从句的翻译方法：译成表“因”的分句;译成因果偏正复句中的主句;译成无关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句。

　　例如：

　　·He wants to marry her because she is so lovely.

　　因为她很可爱，他想娶她为妻。

　　·The old man gave up smoking because he coughed a lot.

　　老人总是咳嗽，因此把烟戒了。

　　·Every teacher likes her because she is a good student.

　　她是个好学生，每位老师都喜欢她。

　　条件状语从句可以译成分句。例如：

　　·If we can do three papers, the professor will let us pass the course.

　　如果我们能完成三篇论文，教授就会让我们通过这门课程。

　　·You can go swimming if it is fine.

　　你们可以去游泳，如果天气好的话。

　　让步状语从句也可以译成分句。例如：

　　·Though computer is not my major, I do know a little of computer games.

　　虽说我的专业不是电脑，但我队电脑游戏还是略通一二的。

　　·No matter how difficult it is, I will learn it.

　　不管有多难，我都要学会它。

　　目的状语从句也可以译成分句。

　　·The government has created many new jobs in order that laid-off workers may have more choices.

　　为了给下岗职工提供更多的选择，政府开发出许多新的岗位。

　　·Stop drinking so that you can live a healthier life.

　　别再喝酒了，这样你就可以过上更健康的生活了。

　　英语状语从句和汉语状语从句在外形结构上和表意内涵上相类似，在译成汉语时，其位置可以灵活处理。如果既能表达原文的意思，有行文流畅，它可以出现在句首，句中或句尾。

　　EXERCISES

　　Ⅰ. SENTENCE TRANSLATION

　　1. There is potential energy in a clock spring after it has been wound.

　　2. When the history of the Nixon administration is finally written, the chances are that his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.

　　3. But when you ask them exactly how they would spend that money to solve the poverty problem, most of them don’t have an answer.

　　4. New things always have to experience difficulties and backs as they grow.

　　5. No flow of electric current occurs unless there is a difference of potential.

　　6. When we see that wounded traveler on the road to Jericho, we will not pass to the other side.

　　7. This condition should he supervised most carefully by a competent physician because it is a serious emergency.

　　8. Although the tourist industry would like to sell Macau as a racy, modern city, its real appeal is that it offers a very quiet, relaxing contrast to Hong Kong.

　　9. And though it requires sacrifice, it brings a deeper fulfillment.

　　10. While the majority of Macau’s inhabitants are Buddhists, some seven per cent are Catholic.