6. Oprah Winfrey
奥普拉·温弗莉
Chairman of Harpo
Credited with creating a more intimate confessional form of media communication, she is thought to have popularized and revolutionized the tabloid talk show genre, which a Yale study claims broke 20th century taboos and allowed LGBT people to enter the mainstream. By the mid 1990s she had reinvented her show with a focus on literature, self-improvement, and spirituality. Though criticized for unleashing confession culture and promoting controversial self-help fads, she is generally admired for overcoming adversity to become a benefactor to others. She has been ranked the richest African American, the greatest black philanthropist in American history, and was once the world's only black billionaire. She's still got the magic touch: When Oprah praised the Kindle, it sold out before Christmas. She's on track to launch OWN, her cable network, to 70 million viewers next year.
人们认为她创造了一种更加亲密而直白的媒体传播方式,改造了低俗的脱口秀节目,并使其更加流行。耶鲁大学的一项研究称,这打破了20世纪的禁忌,让同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者进入了主流社会。到上世纪90年代中期,她改造节目风格,转而关注文学、自我提升和精神等话题。虽然有人批评她导致忏悔之风盛行,助长了有争议的自救热,但是她还是因为克服逆境帮助他人而受到普遍的尊敬。她是美国最富有的黑人女性、美国历史上最慷慨的黑人慈善家,还曾经是世界上唯一一名黑皮肤的亿万富翁。她现在魅力不减:Kindle受到奥普拉的称赞后,在圣诞节前就已售罄。她正在筹建自己的有线电视网络OWN,明年向7000万观众推出。
7. Ellen Kullman
柯·爱伦
CEO of DuPont
Kullman studied mechanical engineering at Tufts University where she received her bachelor's degree in 1978. In 1983 she received a master's degree in management from Northwestern University. She began her business career at General Electric and joined DuPont in 1988 as marketing manager in the company's medical imaging business. In her previous role as executive vice president she was responsible for four of DuPont's business platforms as well as leading the company's growth in markets outside the USA. Kullman took the top job in January, making her the first woman to lead the company in its 206 year history. She's reshuffling execs and aiming to trim $1 billion in costs this year.
柯爱伦在塔夫茨大学学习机械工程,于1978年获得学士学位。1983年,她获得西北大学管理学硕士学位。她的职业生涯从通用电气开始,并于1988年加入杜邦,担任公司医疗成像部门经理。在担任杜邦执行副总裁期间,她负责四个部门,并带领公司在美国以外的市场实现了增长。柯爱伦于1月担任首席执行官,成为杜邦206年历史当中首位出任该职位的女性。她正在对管理层进行重组,希望今年能削减10亿美元的开支。
8. Carol Bartz
卡罗尔·巴茨
CEO of Yahoo
In 1976, Bartz went to work at the manufacturing conglomerate 3M, but left after her request to transfer to the headquarters was denied; she was told that 'women don't do these jobs.' Bartz moved on to the computer industry and became CEO of Autodesk in 1992. According to Forbes, Bartz 'transformed Autodesk from an aimless maker of PC software into a leader of computer-aided design software, targeting architects and builders.' On January 13, 2009, Bartz was named CEO of Yahoo!, the internet services company which operates the third most-visited website in the world. She is betting on display ads, content, and mobile capabilities to give the web pioneer new life. After six months on the job, she forged a deal for Microsoft to power searches on Yahoo.com.
1976年,巴茨到制造集团3M工作,但在要求到总部工作遭到拒绝后离职。她被告之:“这不是女人该干的活。”巴茨转行到电脑业,并于1992年成为Autodesk的首席执行官。《福布斯》杂志这样写道:巴茨“将Autodesk从一个漫无目的的电脑软件制造商转变成为电脑辅助设计软件的领头羊,瞄准建筑师和建造商。”2009年1月13日,巴茨被任命为雅虎的首席执行官,该公司运营着世界第三大网站。她把工作重点放在展示广告、内容和移动业务上,希望以此给这个网络先驱带来新生。上任六个月后,她同微软达成了一项协议,助推Yahoo.com的搜索业务。
9. Ursula Burns
厄休拉·伯恩斯
CEO of Xerox
Burns first worked for Xerox in 1980 as a summer intern and joined a year later after her master's degree. She worked in various roles in product development and planning throughout her 20s. Her career took an unexpected turn when in January 1990 a senior executive offered her a job as his executive assistant. Initially fearing that this would be a dead-end job, she accepted and rose through the ranks, becoming executive assistant to the chairman in 1991 and eventually becoming vice president for global manufacturing in 1999. In 2000 she was named a senior vice president. She was named CEO in July 2009 succeeding Mulcahy. In July, Burns became the first black female CEO on the Fortune 500. With 2008 profits down and the stock trailing the S&P, this straight-talking operator is charged with strengthening a company that's still rebounding from near bankruptcy in 2001.
伯恩斯于1980年以暑期实习生的身份开始在Xerox工作,一年后拿到硕士学位后正式加盟该公司。30岁之前她在产品开发和策划部门担任了多项职务。1990年1月,一位高管让她担任其行政助理后,她的工作发生了意想不到的变化。她起初担心这工作没什么出路,但她还是接受了,并逐渐升职,于1991年成为总裁行政助理,最终于1999年成为负责全球制造业务的副总裁。2000年,她被任命为高级副总裁。2009年7月,她接替穆卡西,出任公司首席执行官。同年7月,她成为《财富》500强中首位黑人女首席执行官。2008年公司利润下降,股票表现也不如标普指数,这位快人快语的掌舵人肩负着增强公司实力的重任,自2001年几乎破产以来,公司仍处在恢复阶段。
10. Brenda Barnes
布蓝达·巴恩斯
Chairman and CEO of Sara Lee
Barnes became chief executive earlier this year after Sara Lee announced a major restructuring that included the planned sale of product lines totaling $8.2 billion in revenue. At the same time, Barnes is tackling corporate inefficiencies by encouraging shared purchasing between divisions and less bureaucracy. Barnes raised eyebrows when she left PepsiCo in 1998 to spend more time with her family. Ever since Barnes got back on the 'on-ramp' into the corporate world, she has been the most oft-cited example in the business press of a woman who ditched her corporate career to spend time with her family, only to regain corporate power. Since taking the helm in 2005 after a six-year corporate sabbatical, she has shed businesses that made up 40% of revenue. Still, the stock has flagged.
今年年初,在莎莉·李宣布公司将进行大规模重组,同时计划将收入82亿美元的生产线出售之后,巴恩斯出任首席执行官。于此同时,巴恩斯鼓励不同部门进行联合采购,精简机构,解决了工作效率低的问题。1998年,为了有更多时间跟家人在一起,巴恩斯离开了百事可乐,这令人们惊讶不已。巴恩斯重回职场后,一直都是财经媒体津津乐道的模范女性:为了陪家人而放弃工作,而后又重掌公司大权。休息六年之后,巴恩斯于2005年重新掌舵,削减了占总收入40%的业务。然而,公司股票依然没有起色。
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