I.独立主格的结构形式 ??
独立主格结构在形式上由两部分组成。第一部分由名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语担任,但在四级考试中以分词担任第二部分的居多,有时也会由不定式担任。 ??
1)名词或主格代词+现在分词 ??
例1,______a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. ??
A)Other things being equal ??B)Were other things equal ??C)To be equalto other things ??D)Other things to be equal ?
(答案A Band 4,1997.6) ??
例2 So many directors ______,the board meeting had to be put off. ??
A)were absent??? B)been absent ?? C)had been absent? D)being absent ??
(答案D Band 4,2001.1) ??
当独立主格中的分词所表示的动作先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作时,用分词的完成形式。 ??
例3 The speech______,a lively discussion started. ?A)being delivered? B)was delivered ?? C)be delivered???D)having been delivered ??
(答案D Band 4,1995.1) ??
当独立主格结构中的名词或主格代词是分词表示的动作的承受者时,用分词的被动形式。 ??
例4 All flights_____because of the snow-storm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train. ?? A)were canceled??? B)having been canceled ?? C)had been canceled? D)have been canceled ??
(答案BBand 4,1999.1) ??
2)名词或主格代词+过去分词 ??
例5 All things_____,the planed trip will have to be called off. ??
A)be considered??B)considered ?? C)considering???D)having considered ??
(答案BBand 4,1998.6) ??
3)名词或主格代词+动词不定式 ??
例6 If the building project______by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined. ??
A)to be complete?? B)is completed ?? C)being completed??D)complete ??
(答案A Band 4,2001.6) ??
形容词、副词、名词和介词短语担当第二部分的情况在四级考试中虽不多见,但在书面语中却是一种有效的表达手段,在此略举几例,供有兴趣的同学参考。 ??
4)名词或主格代词+形容词 ??
例7 Hands red with the cold,they were sweeping the snow outdoors.(他们在户外扫雪,两手冻得通红。) ??
5)名词或主格代词+介词短语 ??
例8 A book in hand,the teacher of English walked into the classroom.(手里拿着本书,英语老师走进教室。) ??
6)名词或主格代词+副词
例9 Class over,all students went to play on the playground.(下课了,学生们都到操场上去玩耍。) ??
7)名词或主格代词+名词 ??
例10 His first shot failure,he fired again.(他第一枪没击中,又打了第二枪。