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自考英语（二）专项练习题：填词补文

来源：华课网校 [2020年4月23日] 【大中小】

　　下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中，10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

　　分析句子成分，根据所缺的成分确定词类，这样可以大大缩小范围，提高效率和正确率。现在把句子成分和词类进行匹配：

　　(1)缺主语用名词或动名词。例如：

　　Diligence can make up for a lack of intelligence.

　　Learning a foreign language well is important for us.

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.His _______ resulted in the accident.A. carelessnessB.

　　careC. carefulD.　careless

　　【答案】

　　A【解析】本题考查填词补文之缺主语用名词或动名词。该句空格处要填的词作主语，故选择名词，所以从A或B中进行选择，但B项含义不符，故正确答案为A。该句的意思是"他的粗心大意引起了这起事故。"【知识点】填词补文之缺主语用名词或动名词

　　(2)缺谓语用动词。例如：

　　He is helping the little girl with her English now.

　　Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and

　　opening policy.

　　Her topic was complex, but she simplified it in a way that we could all

　　understand.

　　(3)缺宾语用名词。例如：

　　Any policy that creates unemployment will meet with strong resistance.

　　The test measures language learners' achievement in reading English novels.

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.When I saw her, she_______ at the computer.A. workerB.

　　is workedC. was workingD.

　　worked【答案】

　　C【解析】本题考查填词补文之缺谓语用动词。本句缺少谓语动词，故首先排除A。B选项时态和从句的时态矛盾，故应排除。根据时间状语从句，本句的主句部分应该使用过去进行时态，故选C。【知识点】填词补文之缺谓语用动词

　　(4)缺表语用形容词或名词。联系动词包括be(am, is, are)，变化词(become, get, turn, go, fall)，保持动词(keep,　stay, remain)，感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)等。

　　例如：

　　It is very lovely.

　　She was frightened when she heard about the accident.

　　The traffic light has turned yellow, so you'd better wait a while.

　　If you don't put the meat in the fridge in hot summer, it will go bad soon.

　　Everything has fallen quiet at the disappointing news.

　　He decided that he would keep single his whole life.

　　To stay healthy, we'd better have proper exercises every day.

　　The cloth feels very soft.

　　He is a worker while his wife is an actress.

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.His teacher helped him stay _______ while teaching him

　　math in his native Spanish. A. smartnessB. being smartC. smartD.

　　smartly

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题考查填词补文之缺少表语用形容词或名词。本句中stay意为"保持"，是联系动词，后面要接形容词作表语，故正确答案为C。【知识点】填词补文之缺少表语用形容词或名词

　　(5)缺定语应该考虑形容词，其次是名词。例如：

　　an interesting story (此处补充-ing / -ed的区别)

　　a huge mistake

　　a careful student

　　death / birth / marriage /divorce rate

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.He told us an _______fact that the _______ rate of the

　　students in that small village was very high.A. astonishing, dropoutB.

　　astonished, dropoutsC. astonish, dropoutingD. astonishment,　dropout

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本题考查填词补文之缺少定语用形容词或名词。本句中空格处需要填的词在句子作定语，故首选形容词，次选名词。"令人吃惊的事实"是an

　　astonishing fact。"……率"需要用名词作定语，故选择dropout

　　rate意为"辍学率"。故正确答案为A。【知识点】填词补文之缺少定语用形容词或名词

　　(6)缺状语用副词，副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。例如：

　　He is walking very slowly.

　　Learning a foreign language well is extremely important to people working in

　　joint ventures.

　　Undoubtedly, Taiwan is part of China.

　　Unluckily, he was badly injured in the accident.

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.After his divorce, he began to drink _______.A.

　　heavinessB. heavierC. heavilyD. heavy

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题考查填词补文之缺状语用副词。本句中需要填入的单词修饰动词drink，作状语，故需要选择副词C。【知识点】填词补文之缺状语用副词

　　(7)非谓语动词

　　分词请务必搞清楚现在分词和过去分词的区别：前者表示主动，后者表示被动;前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作已经完成。例如：

　　the exploiting class剥削阶级 / the exploited class

　　developing countries / developed countries

　　When he came to, he found himself lying in hospital.

　　When he got off the bus, he found his wallet stolen.

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.

　　Finishing / Having finished his homework, he decided to see a film.

　　Finished / Having been finished, his homework got an A.

　　Weather / Time permitting, we will go for an outing this weekend.

　　The blind man guided by the boy, they slowly went across the street.

　　不定式包括两种形式：to do sth.，do sth.

　　常接do sth.作宾补的动词有：一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have)，四看(see,

　　notice, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)。例如：

　　I heard him singing the song just now. (注意区分：I heard him sing the song.)

　　【单选题】Decide which of the following is the best choice for

　　the missing information.You may have even heard them _______ to people saying

　　there is anything different about them.A. objectB. objectiveC. objectionD.

　　objectively

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】本题考查接秃头不定式作宾补的动词hear。hear sb. do

　　sth,意为"听到某人做了某事"，object意为"反对"，后面接宾语时要先加介词to，即构成"object to (doing)

　　sth."的结构。objective意为"(作形容词)客观的;(作名词)目标";objection意为"反对";objectively为副词，意为"客观地"。本句不要误以为需要修饰动词短语hear

　　them的状语而误选了副词D。本句需要填入空格的是作宾补的动词形式，故选择A。【知识点】接秃头不定式作宾补的动词

　　(8)介词后接名词或动名词构成介宾结构。例如：

　　pay for one's education

　　suffer from cancer

　　look forward to hearing from sb.

　　He left without saying goodbye.

　　Passage 1 (选自大纲样题)

　　A. required E. increase I. decision

　　B. rose F. began J. easy

　　C. pulled G. interests K. struggle

　　D. extra H. primarily L. currently

　　A. requiredE. increaseD. extraH. primarily

　　B. roseG. interestsJ. easyL. currently

　　C. pulledI. decision

　　E. increaseK. struggle

　　F. began

　　K. struggle(引申为：困难，艰巨的任务)

　　Teach Your Kids at Home

　　As most kids went back to school at the beginning of the semester in the fall, a　　small but growing army of parents just said no to school. Some people like Jean　　Forbes thought their children needed 31 Dattention. Forbes is a former actress　　whose current career is teaching her two sons. Her son Allen is　　dyslexic(有诵读困难的). She 32 Chim out of public school six years ago because she　　felt teachers weren't helping him enough.　　Other parents want to give their kids the chance to follow their 33 Grather than　　a textbook. Outside Los Angeles, Nancy Kinsey's kids are studying bats right　　now. They study everything from their diet to their wing span(翼展) to the　　specifics of their natural habitat. They have even built a bat house in the　　backyard, and this task 34 Amany hours of practical math problems.　　There are also parents who choose home schooling to solve what they think is a　　short-term problem and find a long-term challenge. Eric and Joyce Burgess 35　　Fhome schooling nearly a decade ago after their son Eric Jr. had a disastrous　　year at a famous high school. It was a(n) 36 Kat first; neither is a　　professional teacher. But as Eric Jr.'s confidence 37 Bat home, so did Joyce's,　and she now teaches her other kids at home as well.　　While there are no national statistics, researchers who study home schooling　　estimate that 1.5 million youngsters are currently being taught 38 Hby their　　mothers and fathers. That's five times the number of homeschoolers just a decade　　ago and bigger than the nation's largest public-school system of New York City.　　The 39 Eis especially remarkable(非凡的，卓越的，不寻常的) in an era of two-income families,　　since it requires one parent to stay home at some financial sacrifice.　　Despite all the advantages of home schooling, it is not a(n) 40 Jjob. Home　　schooling is not something you should rush into; it is a commitment that has to　be followed through.

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