2014年5月托福考试模拟试题及答案(第二套)_第10页

　Reading Comprehension

　　Question I~9

　　The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from

　　four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from

　　the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is

　　extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow

　　5 coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water

　　and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this

　　way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were

　　fossilized. And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but so also

　　were imprints of the feathers. If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in

　　10 association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been

　　classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics. Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of

　　skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a

　　long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings.

　　15 Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly

　　organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of

　　metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily

　　complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among

　　many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back

　　20 each year.

　　Most birds also have very strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the

　　ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and

　　geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on

　　land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained

　　25 by any other vertebrate.

　　1. According to the author, all of-the following evidence relating to the first birds was found EXCEPT

　　(A) nesting materials (B) four skeletons in good condition

　　(C) two fragmented skeletons (D) a single feather

　　2. The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) confused with others (B) gradually weakened

　　(C) protected from destruction (D) lost permanently

　　3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the basis of

　　(A) imprints of bones (B) imprints of feathers

　　(C) the neck structure (D) skeletons

　　4. The word "they" in line 11 refers to

　　(A) indications (B) fossils

　　(C) dinosaurs (D) characteristics

　　5. Why does the author mention "a crow" in line 12?

　　(A) to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx

　　(B) To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx fossils

　　(C) To explain the evolutionary history of Archaeopteryx

　　(D) To demonstrate the superiority of the theropod to Archaeopteryx

　　6. It can be inferred from the passage that theropods were

　　(A) dinosaurs (B) birds

　　(C) Archaeopteryx (D)crows

　　7. The word "constant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) comfortable (B) combined

　　(C) consistent (D) complementary

　　8. The author mentions all of the following as examples of complex behavior patterns evolved by birds EXCEPT

　　(A) migrating (B) nesting

　　(C) singing .(D) running

　　9. The word "attained" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) required (B) achieved

　　(C) observed (D) merited